Unit 5 Chapter 18 Flashcards
Define the term: Progressivism
The movement that focused on achieving political and social reform through education, political participation, and direct government action
Define the term: Direct Primary
When the people of a given state vote for who will win that states delegates to gain the presidency, rather than the party leadership
What were the 3 methods to promote reform?
Direct democracy, government efficiency, government intervention
Define the term: Sixteenth Amendment
Established federal income tax
Define the term: Seventeenth Amendment
Changed how senators are elected from state legislators to the people of the state
Define the term: Eighteenth Amendment
Outlawed Alcohol
Define the term: Nineteenth Amendment
Recognized Women’s right to vote
What is Theodore Roosevelt most known for
Progressivism Bull-Moose (Progressive) party Panama Canal Conservation of natural resources National Forest Service
Define the term: What are the main reforms accomplished under Roosevelt
Hepburn Act - set up ICC and regulated railroad rates
Pure food and Drug Act - Required pure food and drugs, as well as labeling of products
Meat Inspection Act - Required animals to be healthy and regulated packaging
Define the term: Jim Crow Laws
Laws that required segregation as well as laws that were intended to try to prohibit people of of color from voting
What are some examples of Jim Crow Laws?
Literacy tests
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause
What Supreme Course established “Separate but Equal”
Plessy v. Ferguson
What was Roosevelt’s motto for foreign policy
“Walk softly and carry a big stick”
What does “Walk Softly” mean from T.R.?
Engage in diplomacy and interact with the world peacefully
What does “Carry a big stick?” mean from T.R.?
Back up diplomacy with military strength, and even show it off from time to time
Why was the Panama Canal built?
To join the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, and to allow the Navies of the world the ability to travel from east to west more quickly
What were some of the challenges in creating the Panama Canal
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Length
Political situation (Columbia owned Panama)
Define the term: Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would back it with force and intervene where they deemed necessary
What was the relationship with Japan like and how did the United States act on that?
Tense, U.S. blocked Japanese immigration, Japan stopped issuing passports, and both countries agreed to recognize each others claims in the Pacific to keep trade with China open
What was the show of strength that T.R. sent to Japan?
The Great White Fleet - ships painted white
Define the term: Dollar Diplomacy
Taft’s attempt to invest in foreign economies rather than intervene directly.
Ex. Building railroads in that country
Who became President after Roosevelt and how?
William Howard Taft - handpicked by Roosevelt
Explain the Taft/Roosevelt split
Taft preferred legislation over executive orders that Roosevelt favored
Taft didn’t succeed in much reform
Taft fired Roosevelt’s head of the National Forest service
Why did Woodrow Wilson win the Presidency in 1912?
Because Taft and Roosevelt split the ticket for the republicans
What were Wilson’s most notable reforms?
Underwood Tariff Act - lowered tariffs by 1/3
Implemented first income tax
Federal Reserve Act - Created the Federal Reserve
Clayton Antitrust Act - Strengthened Antitrust laws
Federal Trade Commission Act - Created the FTC
Why was the United States reluctant to give the Philippines independence
Feared Japan would take them over and gain more control of the Pacific
How did the U.S. end up getting rights to build the Panama Canal
French company who had rights went bankrupt
French company sold rights to the U.S.
Columbia rejected the deal (they owned Panama)
U.S. helped the revolt in Panama succeed, paid for by French company
U.S. made deal with Panama that Columbia rejected
Why was Henry Ford able to succeed where other’s failed?
Assembly line leading to specialization and efficiency
When and where was the first flight in Human History?
1903, Kitty Hawk, NC
How long was the first flight in Human History?
12 seconds 120 feet
Why did agriculture see a boom in the early 20th?
Less farmers farming = bigger market to sell goods
Technology improved efficiency
What two inventions transformed American Transportation?
Automobile
Airplane
