Unit 5 Chapter 18

Question 1

Define the term: Progressivism

Answer 1

The movement that focused on achieving political and social reform through education, political participation, and direct government action

Question 2

Define the term: Direct Primary

Answer 2

When the people of a given state vote for who will win that states delegates to gain the presidency, rather than the party leadership

Question 3

What were the 3 methods to promote reform?

Answer 3

Direct democracy, government efficiency, government intervention

Question 4

Define the term: Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 4

Established federal income tax

Question 5

Define the term: Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 5

Changed how senators are elected from state legislators to the people of the state

Question 6

Define the term: Eighteenth Amendment

Answer 6

Outlawed Alcohol

Question 7

Define the term: Nineteenth Amendment

Answer 7

Recognized Women’s right to vote

Question 8

What is Theodore Roosevelt most known for

Answer 8

Progressivism
Bull-Moose (Progressive) party
Panama Canal
Conservation of natural resources
National Forest Service

Question 9

Define the term: What are the main reforms accomplished under Roosevelt

Answer 9

Hepburn Act - set up ICC and regulated railroad rates
Pure food and Drug Act - Required pure food and drugs, as well as labeling of products
Meat Inspection Act - Required animals to be healthy and regulated packaging

Question 10

Define the term: Jim Crow Laws

Answer 10

Laws that required segregation as well as laws that were intended to try to prohibit people of of color from voting

Question 11

What are some examples of Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 11

Literacy tests
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause

Question 12

What Supreme Course established “Separate but Equal”

Answer 12

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 13

What was Roosevelt’s motto for foreign policy

Answer 13

“Walk softly and carry a big stick”

Question 14

What does “Walk Softly” mean from T.R.?

Answer 14

Engage in diplomacy and interact with the world peacefully

Question 15

What does “Carry a big stick?” mean from T.R.?

Answer 15

Back up diplomacy with military strength, and even show it off from time to time

Question 16

Why was the Panama Canal built?

Answer 16

To join the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, and to allow the Navies of the world the ability to travel from east to west more quickly

Question 17

What were some of the challenges in creating the Panama Canal

Answer 17

Malaria
Yellow Fever
Length
Political situation (Columbia owned Panama)

Question 18

Define the term: Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 18

Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would back it with force and intervene where they deemed necessary

Question 19

What was the relationship with Japan like and how did the United States act on that?

Answer 19

Tense, U.S. blocked Japanese immigration, Japan stopped issuing passports, and both countries agreed to recognize each others claims in the Pacific to keep trade with China open

Question 20

What was the show of strength that T.R. sent to Japan?

Answer 20

The Great White Fleet - ships painted white

Question 21

Define the term: Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 21

Taft’s attempt to invest in foreign economies rather than intervene directly.

Ex. Building railroads in that country

Question 22

Who became President after Roosevelt and how?

Answer 22

William Howard Taft - handpicked by Roosevelt

Question 23

Explain the Taft/Roosevelt split

Answer 23

Taft preferred legislation over executive orders that Roosevelt favored
Taft didn’t succeed in much reform
Taft fired Roosevelt’s head of the National Forest service

Question 24

Why did Woodrow Wilson win the Presidency in 1912?

Answer 24

Because Taft and Roosevelt split the ticket for the republicans

Question 25

What were Wilson’s most notable reforms?

Answer 25

Underwood Tariff Act - lowered tariffs by 1/3
Implemented first income tax
Federal Reserve Act - Created the Federal Reserve
Clayton Antitrust Act - Strengthened Antitrust laws
Federal Trade Commission Act - Created the FTC

Question 26

Why was the United States reluctant to give the Philippines independence

Answer 26

Feared Japan would take them over and gain more control of the Pacific

Question 27

How did the U.S. end up getting rights to build the Panama Canal

Answer 27

French company who had rights went bankrupt
French company sold rights to the U.S.
Columbia rejected the deal (they owned Panama)
U.S. helped the revolt in Panama succeed, paid for by French company
U.S. made deal with Panama that Columbia rejected

Question 28

Why was Henry Ford able to succeed where other’s failed?

Answer 28

Assembly line leading to specialization and efficiency

Question 29

When and where was the first flight in Human History?

Answer 29

1903, Kitty Hawk, NC

Question 30

How long was the first flight in Human History?

Answer 30

12 seconds 120 feet

Question 31

Why did agriculture see a boom in the early 20th?

Answer 31

Less farmers farming = bigger market to sell goods

Technology improved efficiency

Question 32

What two inventions transformed American Transportation?

Answer 32

Automobile

Airplane