Unit 5: Alterations in Nutrition Flashcards by Julianne Kreutzer

What are antropometric measurements?

Height:Weight
Waist size
Skin Folds
BMI

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What is an underweight BMI?

< 18.5

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What is a normal BMI?

18.5-24.9

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What is an overweight BMI?

25.0-29.9

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What is an obese BMI?

> 30.0

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What is a morbidly obese BMI?

> 40.0

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What is malnutrition?

Deficit, excess, or imbalance in essential components of a balanced diet resulting from malabsorption, poor diet, or over eating

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What is undernutrition?

Inadequate intake due to diet or disease

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What is obesity?

An excessive amount of fat in the body caused by poor diet or metabolic syndrome

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What is refeeding syndrome?

Metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved, severelt malnourished, or metabollically stressed due to illness

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What is parenteral nutrition?

Providing the body with nutrition intravenously

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What are risk factors for malnurtrition?

Fever
Trauma
Burns
Major surgery
Hypermetabolic disease
Malabsorption
Elderly

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Who are patients at risk for nutritional problems?

Elderly
Minorities
Low socioeconomic status
Sedentary
Poor diet

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What lab values would you look at to diagnose a pt with malnutrition?

Serum albumin
Prealbumin
Transferrin/ Ferratin
BUN
Creatinine
Lipid profile
Electrolytes
CBC
Vitamin and mineral values

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What are nursing diagnoses for malnutrition?

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body req
Self-care deficit
Constipation/diarrhea
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Noncompliance
Activity intolerance
Psychosocial

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What are patient outcomes for malnourished patients?

The patient will:
achieve steady weight gain
show signs of reversing malnutrition AEB…

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What are nursing interventions for malnutrition?

Calorie count
High calorie foods
Small, multiple meals
Supplements
Diet diary
Dietitian consult
Parental nutrition

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What are the parenteral feedings you’d use for a malnourished patient?

PPN along with oral food
TPN
TNA

What are the goals of treating a malnourished patient?

Improve nutritional status

Experience no adverse outcomes related to malnutrition or treatment

What are some causes of obesity?

Poor diet
High sugar intake
Metabolic syndrome
Sedentary lifestyle

What are some health risks of obesity?

Death
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia
Type II diabetes
Coronary Heart disease
Stroke
Gall bladder disease
Osteoarthritis
Sleep apnea
Cancer
Mental illness
Pain

How would you diagnose obesity?

Anthropometric measurements
Total cholesterol
BP
Cardiovascular workup

What are nursing priorities for an obese patient?

H&P
Psychosocial support
Teaching

What are the treatment guidelines for an obese patient?

Individualized and multidisciplinary
Wt loss of 10% of initial weight
Lifestyle modification

What are interventions for an obese patient?

``` Nutritional therapy Exercise Lifestyle modification Support groups Hormonal therapies ```

What are some outcomes for the treatment of an obese patient?

``` The patient will lose weight at a safe rate have improved self esteem achieve and maintain optimal weight make healthy food selections ```

What are the nursing considerations of bariatric surgery?

Careful preoperative evaluation | Cardio, pulmonary, and psychiatric clearance

What are complications of bariatric surgery?

``` Anastomatic leakage Bleeding Infection Sepsis Obstruction DVT PE ```

What are some factors that may contribute to malnutrition in the elderly?

``` Digestive problems Chewing/swallowing difficulties Immobility Psychological stress Acute illness Neuropsychological problems Fluid consumption Self perception Living situation Polypharmacy Pressure ulcers Amt of fruit/vegetables Need for feeding assistance ```

What are the types of VAD?

Peripheral venous access device Peripherally inserted central catheter Central venous access devices

What are the types of CVADs?

Non-tunneled Tunneled Portacath

Total Protein

6.0-8.0 | total amount of albumin and globulins in the fluid portion of the blood

Serum albumin

3.3-5.0 | protein made by the liver; measures amount in the clear liquid portion of blood

Serum Transferrin

M: 5-100 F: 10-270 the iron transport protein; indirectly measures amount of iron in the blood

Prealbumin

15.7-29.6 | used to help detect and diagnose protein calorie malnutrition

Cholesterol

< 200 | used to identify risk for heart disease, stroke, and other conditions caused by blocked arteries

Lymphocyte Counts

1.3-3.5 x 10^9 | Used to determine if patient is fighting or has fought an infection; shows immune system functioning

BUN

10-20 mg/100 mL | Provides info about kidney function

Creatinine

0.7-1.4 mg/ 100 mL | measures amount of creatinine in blood; shows kidney function

Magnesium

0.33-2.4 | Determine amount of magnesium in blood

Potassium

3.8-5.0 | how much potassium is in the blood; electrolyte balance in body

Phosphate

3.0-4.5 amount of phosphorus in blood; important for strong bones and teeth, nerve signaling and muscle contraction; can help diagnose kidney, liver, and certain bone disorders

Blood Glucose

Fasting 60-100 | Helpful in diagnosing and managing diabetes