Unit 5: Alterations in Nutrition Flashcards
What are antropometric measurements?
Height:Weight
Waist size
Skin Folds
BMI
What is an underweight BMI?
< 18.5
What is a normal BMI?
18.5-24.9
What is an overweight BMI?
25.0-29.9
What is an obese BMI?
> 30.0
What is a morbidly obese BMI?
> 40.0
What is malnutrition?
Deficit, excess, or imbalance in essential components of a balanced diet resulting from malabsorption, poor diet, or over eating
What is undernutrition?
Inadequate intake due to diet or disease
What is obesity?
An excessive amount of fat in the body caused by poor diet or metabolic syndrome
What is refeeding syndrome?
Metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved, severelt malnourished, or metabollically stressed due to illness
What is parenteral nutrition?
Providing the body with nutrition intravenously
What are risk factors for malnurtrition?
Fever Trauma Burns Major surgery Hypermetabolic disease Malabsorption Elderly
Who are patients at risk for nutritional problems?
Elderly Minorities Low socioeconomic status Sedentary Poor diet
What lab values would you look at to diagnose a pt with malnutrition?
Serum albumin Prealbumin Transferrin/ Ferratin BUN Creatinine Lipid profile Electrolytes CBC Vitamin and mineral values
What are nursing diagnoses for malnutrition?
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body req Self-care deficit Constipation/diarrhea Risk for impaired skin integrity Noncompliance Activity intolerance Psychosocial
What are patient outcomes for malnourished patients?
The patient will:
achieve steady weight gain
show signs of reversing malnutrition AEB…
What are nursing interventions for malnutrition?
Calorie count High calorie foods Small, multiple meals Supplements Diet diary Dietitian consult Parental nutrition
What are the parenteral feedings you’d use for a malnourished patient?
PPN along with oral food
TPN
TNA
What are the goals of treating a malnourished patient?
Improve nutritional status
Experience no adverse outcomes related to malnutrition or treatment
What are some causes of obesity?
Poor diet
High sugar intake
Metabolic syndrome
Sedentary lifestyle
What are some health risks of obesity?
Death Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Type II diabetes Coronary Heart disease Stroke Gall bladder disease Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea Cancer Mental illness Pain
How would you diagnose obesity?
Anthropometric measurements
Total cholesterol
BP
Cardiovascular workup
What are nursing priorities for an obese patient?
H&P
Psychosocial support
Teaching
What are the treatment guidelines for an obese patient?
Individualized and multidisciplinary
Wt loss of 10% of initial weight
Lifestyle modification
What are interventions for an obese patient?
Nutritional therapy Exercise Lifestyle modification Support groups Hormonal therapies
What are some outcomes for the treatment of an obese patient?
The patient will lose weight at a safe rate have improved self esteem achieve and maintain optimal weight make healthy food selections
What are the nursing considerations of bariatric surgery?
Careful preoperative evaluation
Cardio, pulmonary, and psychiatric clearance
What are complications of bariatric surgery?
Anastomatic leakage Bleeding Infection Sepsis Obstruction DVT PE
What are some factors that may contribute to malnutrition in the elderly?
Digestive problems Chewing/swallowing difficulties Immobility Psychological stress Acute illness Neuropsychological problems Fluid consumption Self perception Living situation Polypharmacy Pressure ulcers Amt of fruit/vegetables Need for feeding assistance
What are the types of VAD?
Peripheral venous access device
Peripherally inserted central catheter
Central venous access devices
What are the types of CVADs?
Non-tunneled
Tunneled
Portacath
Total Protein
6.0-8.0
total amount of albumin and globulins in the fluid portion of the blood
Serum albumin
3.3-5.0
protein made by the liver; measures amount in the clear liquid portion of blood
Serum Transferrin
M: 5-100
F: 10-270
the iron transport protein; indirectly measures amount of iron in the blood
Prealbumin
15.7-29.6
used to help detect and diagnose protein calorie malnutrition
Cholesterol
< 200
used to identify risk for heart disease, stroke, and other conditions caused by blocked arteries
Lymphocyte Counts
1.3-3.5 x 10^9
Used to determine if patient is fighting or has fought an infection; shows immune system functioning
BUN
10-20 mg/100 mL
Provides info about kidney function
Creatinine
0.7-1.4 mg/ 100 mL
measures amount of creatinine in blood; shows kidney function
Magnesium
0.33-2.4
Determine amount of magnesium in blood
Potassium
3.8-5.0
how much potassium is in the blood; electrolyte balance in body
Phosphate
3.0-4.5
amount of phosphorus in blood; important for strong bones and teeth, nerve signaling and muscle contraction; can help diagnose kidney, liver, and certain bone disorders
Blood Glucose
Fasting 60-100
Helpful in diagnosing and managing diabetes
