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NUR123 Exam 1 > Unit 2: Pain Management > Flashcards

Unit 2: Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

Pain threshold is the maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate.

A

False

Pain threshold is the minimum amount of pain for a person to feel

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2
Q

Pain from ischemia gradually increases and becomes intense over a longer time

A

True

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3
Q

It is important to monitor the therapeutic serum level of opioids

A

False

it is important to maintain the therapeutic level

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4
Q

The lower the serum opioid level, the more difficult it is to achieve the therapeutic level with the next dose

A

True

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5
Q

Respiratory depression gradually peaks 6 to 12 hours after epidural opioids are administered

A

True

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6
Q

_________ are free nerve endings found in the skin.

A

Nociceptors

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7
Q

Prostaglandins are chemical substances that are believed to increase the sensitivity of pain receptors by enhancing the pain-provoking effect of _________

A

Brandykinin

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8
Q

_________ is the need for increasing doses of opioids to achieve the same therapeutic effect

A

Tolerance

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9
Q

________ is a behavioral pattern of substance use characterized by a compulsion to take the substance primarily to experience its psychic effects

A

Addiction

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10
Q

A ______ ______ occurs when a person responds to the medication of other treatment because of a reaction that the treatment will work rather than because it actually does so

A

Placebo effect

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11
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience resulting from actual or potential tissue damage

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12
Q

Why is pain the fifth vital sign?

A

Increases the awareness among healthcare professionals of the relationship between pain and health

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13
Q

What are the types of pain?

A

Nociceptive pain

Neuropathic pain

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14
Q

What is nocicpetive pain?

A

Pain from injury

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15
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

The abnormal processing of sensory input by the PNS and CNS; occurs after injury is healed

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16
Q

What are factors that influence the pain experience?

A 
Past experience
Anxiety
Depression
Culture
Age
Gender
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17
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Recent onset; specific injury; indicates that damage or injury has occurred; typically decreases as injury heals

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18
Q

What is non-malignant chronic pain?

A

Abnormal processing of sensory input by the CNS and PNS; unclear/no cause or origin

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19
Q

What are commonly used non-pharmacologic pain relief interventions?

A 
Cutaneous stimulation
Massage
Thermal therapies
TENS
Distraction
Relaxation
Guided imagery
Hypnosis
Music therapy
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20
Q

What are common pharmacologic remedies for pain?

A

Non-opioid analgesics
Opioids
Adjuvant analgesic therapy

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21
Q

Identify components of a pain assessment

A 
Onset
Location
Quality
Intensity
Timing
Personal meaning
Aggravating & Alleviating factors
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22
Q

OPQRST

A 
Onset
Provoking factors
Quality
Region/Radiating
Severity
Timing
23
Q

Addiction

A

Medical diagnosis; a behavioral pattern of substance use characterized by characterized by a compulsion to take the substance primarily for the psychic effects

24
Q

Tolerance

A

Occurs when a person using opioids becomes less sensitive to their analgesic properties; need for increasing doses to maintain same level of pain relief

25
Physical dependence
Body cannot function normally without drug in system; without drug person will experience withdrawal symptoms
26
Pseudoaddiction
Person displays characteristics of addict; however, their behaviors are caused by inadequate pain relief; once desired level of pain relief id met, behaviors subside
27
Pain is subjective
True
28
Purpose of pain management
Alleviate pain & suffering | COMFORT
29
Somatic pain
Pain that originates in the skin, bone, or muscles and is conducted by sensory fibers
30
Superficial somatic pain
pain that arises from stimulation of receptors in the skin and mucous membranes
31
Visceral pain
a poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs
32
Nociceptors
Sensitive to pain-causing stimuli
33
NSAIDs
Block the enzyme needed for prostaglandin synthesis which results in pain control
34
Myelinated A delta fibers
Transmit the inital pain sensation rapidly to the brain | Acute pain
35
Unmyelinated C fibers
Associated with chronic pain; has dull, aching, and burning qualities
36
Patients require less medication and experience more effective pain relief if analgesia is administered _______ they become sensitized to the pain.
Before
37
What is the systemthat sends information from the spinal cord to the brain?
Ascending system
38
After tissue injury is occurring, nociception continues, and relays the impulses to the ___________ of the spinal cord. The painimpulse then travels to the brain by the anterolateral pathway to the thalamus.
Dorsal horn
39
Endorphins
Natural analgesics that decrease pain perception
40
What the pt waits too long to report pain and it becomes difficult to relieve
Sensitization
41
Metabolized by the liver, excreted by the kidneys; contraindicated in pt with renal or liver disease
Opioid analgesic agents
42
Opioids have no maximum safe dose, both the maximum safe dosage and therapeutic serum levels are individual to the pt
True
43
NSAIDs may displace and increase the effect of _______
warfarin
44
What are the most effective ways to safely and effectively give pain medication?
Asking the pt to rate the pain | Observing the response to the pain medication
45
Multimodal / balanced analgesia
The most effective pharmacologic intervention
46
Itching
Pruritis
47
What is the nursing role in pain?
Advocating for people with pain
48
Do vitals change when a patient is experiencing pain?
Yes; but acute pain only
49
What objective data can we observe if a patient is experiencing pain?
Appearance Movements Affect Vitals
50
Opioid narcotics have a ceiling effect after constant use.
False; therapeutic level continues to increase
51
What are common side effects to opioid analgesics and what are their interventions?
Nausea/vomiting: antiemetic Constipation: laxative Pruritus: antihistamine Respiratory depression: stimulate pt, administer naloxone
52
What is the best route for opioid administration?
Intravenous
53
What are common side effects from drug therapy?
``` Constipation Sedation & confusion Nausea & vomiting Pruritus Urinary retention respiratory depression ```
54
How would you relieve pain for an addict?
Try non-narcotics first; non-pharmacologic remedies; local anesthetics

NUR123 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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