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NUR123 Exam 1 > Unit 2: Pain Management > Flashcards

Unit 2: Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

Pain threshold is the maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate.

A

False

Pain threshold is the minimum amount of pain for a person to feel

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2
Q

Pain from ischemia gradually increases and becomes intense over a longer time

A

True

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3
Q

It is important to monitor the therapeutic serum level of opioids

A

False

it is important to maintain the therapeutic level

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4
Q

The lower the serum opioid level, the more difficult it is to achieve the therapeutic level with the next dose

A

True

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5
Q

Respiratory depression gradually peaks 6 to 12 hours after epidural opioids are administered

A

True

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6
Q

_________ are free nerve endings found in the skin.

A

Nociceptors

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7
Q

Prostaglandins are chemical substances that are believed to increase the sensitivity of pain receptors by enhancing the pain-provoking effect of _________

A

Brandykinin

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8
Q

_________ is the need for increasing doses of opioids to achieve the same therapeutic effect

A

Tolerance

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9
Q

________ is a behavioral pattern of substance use characterized by a compulsion to take the substance primarily to experience its psychic effects

A

Addiction

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10
Q

A ______ ______ occurs when a person responds to the medication of other treatment because of a reaction that the treatment will work rather than because it actually does so

A

Placebo effect

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11
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience resulting from actual or potential tissue damage

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12
Q

Why is pain the fifth vital sign?

A

Increases the awareness among healthcare professionals of the relationship between pain and health

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13
Q

What are the types of pain?

A

Nociceptive pain

Neuropathic pain

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14
Q

What is nocicpetive pain?

A

Pain from injury

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15
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

The abnormal processing of sensory input by the PNS and CNS; occurs after injury is healed

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16
Q

What are factors that influence the pain experience?

A 
Past experience
Anxiety
Depression
Culture
Age
Gender
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17
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Recent onset; specific injury; indicates that damage or injury has occurred; typically decreases as injury heals

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18
Q

What is non-malignant chronic pain?

A

Abnormal processing of sensory input by the CNS and PNS; unclear/no cause or origin

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19
Q

What are commonly used non-pharmacologic pain relief interventions?

A 
Cutaneous stimulation
Massage
Thermal therapies
TENS
Distraction
Relaxation
Guided imagery
Hypnosis
Music therapy
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20
Q

What are common pharmacologic remedies for pain?

A

Non-opioid analgesics
Opioids
Adjuvant analgesic therapy

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21
Q

Identify components of a pain assessment

A 
Onset
Location
Quality
Intensity
Timing
Personal meaning
Aggravating & Alleviating factors
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22
Q

OPQRST

A 
Onset
Provoking factors
Quality
Region/Radiating
Severity
Timing
23
Q

Addiction

A

Medical diagnosis; a behavioral pattern of substance use characterized by characterized by a compulsion to take the substance primarily for the psychic effects

24
Q

Tolerance

A

Occurs when a person using opioids becomes less sensitive to their analgesic properties; need for increasing doses to maintain same level of pain relief

25
Q

Physical dependence

A

Body cannot function normally without drug in system; without drug person will experience withdrawal symptoms

26
Q

Pseudoaddiction

A

Person displays characteristics of addict; however, their behaviors are caused by inadequate pain relief; once desired level of pain relief id met, behaviors subside

27
Q

Pain is subjective

A

True

28
Q

Purpose of pain management

A

Alleviate pain & suffering

COMFORT

29
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain that originates in the skin, bone, or muscles and is conducted by sensory fibers

30
Q

Superficial somatic pain

A

pain that arises from stimulation of receptors in the skin and mucous membranes

31
Q

Visceral pain

A

a poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs

32
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sensitive to pain-causing stimuli

33
Q

NSAIDs

A

Block the enzyme needed for prostaglandin synthesis which results in pain control

34
Q

Myelinated A delta fibers

A

Transmit the inital pain sensation rapidly to the brain

Acute pain

35
Q

Unmyelinated C fibers

A

Associated with chronic pain; has dull, aching, and burning qualities

36
Q

Patients require less medication and experience more effective pain relief if analgesia is administered _______ they become sensitized to the pain.

A

Before

37
Q

What is the systemthat sends information from the spinal cord to the brain?

A

Ascending system

38
Q

After tissue injury is occurring, nociception continues, and relays the impulses to the ___________ of the spinal cord. The painimpulse then travels to the brain by the anterolateral pathway to the thalamus.

A

Dorsal horn

39
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural analgesics that decrease pain perception

40
Q

What the pt waits too long to report pain and it becomes difficult to relieve

A

Sensitization

41
Q

Metabolized by the liver, excreted by the kidneys; contraindicated in pt with renal or liver disease

A

Opioid analgesic agents

42
Q

Opioids have no maximum safe dose, both the maximum safe dosage and therapeutic serum levels are individual to the pt

A

True

43
Q

NSAIDs may displace and increase the effect of _______

A

warfarin

44
Q

What are the most effective ways to safely and effectively give pain medication?

A

Asking the pt to rate the pain

Observing the response to the pain medication

45
Q

Multimodal / balanced analgesia

A

The most effective pharmacologic intervention

46
Q

Itching

A

Pruritis

47
Q

What is the nursing role in pain?

A

Advocating for people with pain

48
Q

Do vitals change when a patient is experiencing pain?

A

Yes; but acute pain only

49
Q

What objective data can we observe if a patient is experiencing pain?

A

Appearance
Movements
Affect
Vitals

50
Q

Opioid narcotics have a ceiling effect after constant use.

A

False; therapeutic level continues to increase

51
Q

What are common side effects to opioid analgesics and what are their interventions?

A

Nausea/vomiting: antiemetic
Constipation: laxative
Pruritus: antihistamine
Respiratory depression: stimulate pt, administer naloxone

52
Q

What is the best route for opioid administration?

A

Intravenous

53
Q

What are common side effects from drug therapy?

A 
Constipation
Sedation & confusion
Nausea & vomiting
Pruritus
Urinary retention
respiratory depression
54
Q

How would you relieve pain for an addict?

A

Try non-narcotics first; non-pharmacologic remedies; local anesthetics

NUR123 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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