Unit 5: Agriculture: Primary Economic Activities Flashcards
agribusiness
Farming engaged in as a large-scale business operation embracing the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and the manufacture of farm machinery, equipment, and supplies
agricultural hearths
areas from where the origins of agricultural ideas and innovation began and spread
agriculture
The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer’s family or for sale off the farm
biotechnology
the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services
cereal grains
grass yielding grain for food (oats, wheat, rye, barley)
Columbian Exchange
Movement of plants and animals from each side of the Atlantic Ocean back to the other
commercial agriculture
the production of crops for sale and is designed to produce crops for widespread distribution (supermarkets), larger markets, and exports
desertification
Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting
dispersed settlement pattern
used to classify rural settlements, homes range from a scattered to an isolated pattern
enclosure
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century
erosion
removal of surface material from Earth’s crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind
extensive agriculture
small inputs of labor/money relative to the size of the farmland
extensive subsistence agriculture
a vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and animals for the primary consumption of the grower’s family
Green Revolution
a response to an exponential increase in the global human population and advances in technology that allowed for the mass production of chemical fertilizers
hamlet
a settlement which is too small to be considered a town or village
village
a group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area
horticulture
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
hunters and gatherers
people who depend largely on food collection or foraging for wild resources
industrial agriculture
large-scale, intensive production of crops and animals, often involving chemical fertilizers on crops or the routine, harmful use of antibiotics in animals
intensive agriculture
large amounts of labor and capital are used to produce high yields of crops
intensive substinence agriculture
a method of agriculture where farmers get more food per acre compared to other subsistence farming methods
irrigation
a man-made system whereby water is spread from its natural source (such as a lake or river) over a much larger geographic range to aid in agricultural production
job specialization
a process in which employees develop specific skills, experience and knowledge in a particular area in order to gain the expertise required to perform certain aspects of a job
labor intensive agriculture
large inputs of labor/money relative to the size of the farmland