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AP Human Geography > Unit 2: Population > Flashcards

Unit 2: Population Flashcards

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1
Q

the area in which an individual moves about as they pursue regular, day to day activities

A

activity space

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2
Q

the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

A

agricultural revolution

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3
Q

a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection

A

AIDS

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4
Q

land suitable for agriculture

A

arable land

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5
Q

linear growth of a population, population growth at a constant rate

A

arithmetic growth

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6
Q

total number of people divided by total land area

A

arithmetic population density

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7
Q

knowledge of opportunity locations beyond the normal activity space

A

awareness space

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8
Q

the number of people an area can support on a sustained basis

A

carrying capacity

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9
Q

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

A

chain migration

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10
Q

short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

A

circulation

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11
Q

the distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel

A

critical distance

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12
Q

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

A

crude birth rate

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13
Q

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

A

crude death rate

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14
Q

the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution

A

demographic momentum

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15
Q

the process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population

A

demographic transition theory

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16
Q

the scientific study of population characteristics

A

demography

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17
Q

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

A

density

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18
Q

when people are forced from their homes due to ethnic strife, war, or natural disasters

A

dislocation

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19
Q

the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

A

distance decay

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20
Q

a population map where each dot represents a certain number of people

A

dot maps

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21
Q

the amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double

A

doubling rate

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22
Q

migration from a location

A

emigration

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23
Q

disease that is commonly found in a certain area

A

endemic

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24
Q

disease that is widespread or global and threatens all people regardless of location

A

epidemic

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25
Q

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

A

epidemiologic transition (mortality revolution)

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26
Q

identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

A

ethnicity

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27
Q

growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of new people is added to a population each year

A

exponential growth

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28
Q

the killing of baby girls

A

female infanticide

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29
Q

permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors

A

forced migration

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30
Q

a constant proportion by which a population of a species with discrete reproduction changes in size from one discrete time period to the next

A

geometric rate

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31
Q

a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

A

gravity model

32
Q

migration to a new location

A

immigration

33
Q

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

A

industrial revolution

34
Q

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society

A

infant mortality rate

35
Q

more people immigrate to a country than emigrate from it

A

in-migration

36
Q

permanent movement within a particular country

A

internal migration

37
Q

permament movement within one region of a country to another

A

inter-regional migration

38
Q

an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration

A

intervening obstacles

39
Q

a feature that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one

A

intervening opportunity

40
Q

permanent movement within one region of a country

A

intra-regional migration

41
Q

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

A

life expectancy

42
Q

growth that occurs evenly across each unit over time

A

linear growth

43
Q

the first critic to note that the world’s population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it

A

Thomas Malthus

44
Q

form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location

A

migration

45
Q

the tendency for certain types of people to migrate

A

migration selectivity

46
Q

the percentage growth of a population in a year; crude birth rate - the crude death rate

A

natural increase

47
Q

people who believe that the population of the world is growing too quickly for the scale of agricultural production to keep up

A

neo-Malthusians

48
Q

the number of immigrants - the number of emigrants

A

net-migration rate

49
Q

a Chinese program that included incentives and penalties to assure that couples have only one child

A

one child policy

50
Q

more people emigrate from a country than to it

A

out-migration

51
Q

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

A

overpopulation

52
Q

disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

A

pandemic

53
Q

the number of people per unit of area of arable land

A

physiological population density

54
Q

the number of people living per unit area of arable land

A

population concentrations

55
Q

the trend of rapid population increases in place since 1750

A

population explosion

56
Q

the study of human populations

A

population geography

57
Q

a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

A

population pyramid

58
Q

factor that induces people to move to a new location

A

pull factors

59
Q

factor that induces people to leave old residences

A

push factors

60
Q

identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor

A

race

61
Q

a British geographer who wrote 11 migration laws based on his study of internal migration

A

Ernst Ravenstein

62
Q

people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion

A

refugees

63
Q

government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase

A

restrictive population policies

64
Q

the spatial and temporal opportunities for travel and activity participation within a time frame

A

space-time prism

65
Q

considers how locations interact with each other in terms of the movement of people, freight, services, energy, or information

A

spatial interaction

66
Q

stable population, with high death rates, due to low living standards and high birth rates, which compensate for deaths; the economy is based on subsistence farming, hunting, gathering, and basic small-scale household production

A

Stage 1: Pre-Industrial Stage

67
Q

population increases due to high birth rates and declining death rates due to the standard of living improvements; division of labor and some artisan industry emerge with little complex machinery used

A

Stage 2: Transitional Stage

68
Q

population birth rates are declining, but the population increases due to low death rates and social and technical advances; economic division of labor and use of increasingly complex machinery spreads, and a professional class emerges

A

Stage 3: Industrial Stage

69
Q

population self-determines low numbers of children while individual productivity has reduced the need for more people and children are now expensive to educate and maintain; technological and social advances continue to decrease mortality rates and increase longevity

A

Stage 4: Post-Industrial Stage

70
Q

birth rate is lower than death rate, population decline

A

Stage 5: Declining Stage

71
Q

the level at which a national population ceases to grow

A

stationary population level

72
Q

when a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination

A

step migration

73
Q

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

A

total fertility rate

74
Q

permanent movement undertaken by choice

A

voluntary migration

75
Q

a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

A

zero population growth

AP Human Geography (3 decks)

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