Unit 5

Question 1

Business Process

Answer 1

Consists of a set of tasks or activities, known as process steps
Has a trigger
A trigger is something initiates a process
Has temporal relationship or sequence between tasks
Has a start and an end
Has participants that perform the process steps

Question 2

Review Process Triggers Graphic

Answer 2

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Question 3

Types of Triggers

Answer 3

External Event
an event that occurs outside the system, usually initiated by an external agent or actor

Temporal Event
an event that occurs as a result of reaching a point in time

State/Internal Event
an event that occurs when something happens inside the system that triggers some process
reorder point is reached for inventory item

Question 4

Documenting Business Processes

Answer 4

Can be described using textual narratives –not very useful because they do not typically follow a standard structure
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN
)Focus is on individual processes and process steps
Business level –not designed from IT systems’ perspective

Question 5

Documenting Business Processes (Continued)

Answer 5

Unified Modeling Language (UML) notations
Use Case Diagram
Use Case Descriptions
Activity Diagram
Context Diagram –not part of UML but very useful
**(Bullet)Designed from IT Systems’ perspective, though they can be used to model non-IT based processes also

Question 6

Process Modeling using BPMN

Answer 6

Business Process Modeling Notation
graphical notation that depicts the steps in a business process
depicts the end to end flow of a business process
Shows the sequence and coordination of steps Shows messages that flow between different process participants

Question 7

Key Aspects of BPMN

Answer 7

Key Aspects
Event
•Start, End and Intermediate Event
Activity/Task
Gateway
•Forks and Joins
•Parallel branches
•Exclusive or Inclusive branches
Sequence
•Normal
•Exception
Pool
•Participants
Message
Trigger
•Message trigger
•Time trigger
Looping

Question 8

BPMN Symbols

Answer 8

Refer to the BPMN notes for symbols

Symbols for the key BPMS aspects mentioned in the previous slide are sufficient for most situations

Question 9

Review A Process Diagram Using BPMN Graphic

Answer 9

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Question 10

Review A Choreography Diagram Using BPMN Graphic

Answer 10

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Question 11

Review Choreography along with Pools Graphic

Answer 11

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Question 12

Context Diagram

Answer 12

Context diagram represents the interaction of outside entities with a system as a whole.
Context diagram is composed of three elements
A system or subsystem.
Entities outside the system that interact with it.
Interactions between outside entities and the system.

Question 13

Review Context Diagram Graphic

Answer 13

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Question 14

Context Diagram

Answer 14

A context diagram defines the boundary of the system being modeled

The processes done by the actors that are outside the boundary are not of interest to us –we are not interested in examining those outside processes but only those that are inside the system

The interactions between the external actors and the system are important because these interactions often provide the necessary data to carry out the internal processes

Question 15

Review One Supermartket, Two Systems Graphic

Answer 15

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Question 16

Use Case Modeling

Answer 16

Top-down Modeling
Context diagram is exploded to use case diagram
A process in a use case diagram can be exploded further into another use case diagram
A use case diagram shows the internals of a system/process using use cases

Question 17

Use Case

Answer 17

Use cases model the behavior of a system
A use case is a contract that formalizes the interaction between actors and the system
A use case details the interaction of an actor with a system to accomplish a goal of value to the actor

Question 18

What Use Case Modeling Is Not

Answer 18

Use Case modeling is limited to a system’s external behavior
Use cases generally focus on the system from outside.
Use cases are not effective in capturing the non-functional requirements.
Use cases are not inherently object-oriented.

Question 19

Use Case Diagrams

Answer 19

Use case diagram—a UML model used to graphically show uses cases and their relationships to actors
Recall UML is Unified Modeling Language, the standard for diagrams and terminology for developing information systems
Actor is the UML name for a end user

Question 20

Review Use Case Diagrams Symbols Graphic

Answer 20

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Question 21

Review Use Case Diagrams Draw for a single actor, such as customer Graphic

Answer 21

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Question 22

Review Use Case Diagrams Graphic

Answer 22

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Question 23

Use Case Diagrams—The <> relationship

Answer 23

A relationship between use cases where one use case is stereotypically included within the other use case—like a called subroutine. Arrow points to subroutine

Question 24

Review Use Case Diagram to show Extends Relationship Graphic

Answer 24

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Question 25

Difference between Include and Extend Relationships

Answer 25

Include is an example of a mandatory relationshipIf Use Case A includes Use Case B (A B), then whenever use case (process) A is done, use case B (process) B is always done

Extend is an example of a optional relationshipIf Use Case A extends Use Case B (AB), then when Use Case B is done sometimes ( not always) Use case A is also done

Note the difference in the usage of A and B in the above definitions.

Question 26

Elements of a Use Case Description

Answer 26

Basic information
Name, number and brief description
Trigger –event that causes the use case to being
•External trigger –some from outside the system
•Temporal triggers –time-based occurrences

Normal Flow of Events
Steps performed and the data inputs and outputs
Exception Flows
It is a good idea to underline data referred to in the use case descriptions

Question 27

Review Use Case Graphic (Slide 27)

Answer 27

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Question 28

Activity Diagram

Answer 28

Activity diagram depicts the flow from activity to activity. It presents a visual, dynamic view of the system and its components.
It is similar to the process diagram in BPMN

Question 29

Review Activity Diagram Graphic

Answer 29

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