Unit 5

Question 1

intelligence theory

Answer 1

Gardner’s multi-intelligence theory: intelligence is differentiated into different categories instead of one single ability. linked to different learning styles

Question 2

behaviorist theory

Answer 2

learning is acquired through conditioning. behavior is learned through repetition and response to stimuli (positive/negative reinforcement)
Bandura - observational learning theory
Skinner - positive behavior conditioning

Question 3

cognitivist theory

Answer 3

Social cognitive theory: knowledge is obtained through observing others from social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences

Question 4

humanistic/motivation theory

Answer 4

people have strong cognitive motivations to grow. Once the lower level needs have been met, the motivation is the need for self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill one’s individual potential.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Question 5

constructivist theory

Answer 5

learners’ understanding and knowledge based on their own experiences prior to entering school.
Paiget (cognitive constructivist), Vygotsky (social constructivist)

Question 6

Paiget - cognitive theory

Answer 6

Schema and adaption.

4 stages of development: sensory motor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal stage

Question 7

sensorimotor stage

Answer 7

paiget
0-2 yr
learn through movement and senses

Question 8

preoperational stage

Answer 8

paiget
preschool/kinder
pre-logical thought, play and pretend. egocentric, focus on one thing at a time

Question 9

concrete operational

Answer 9

elementary
paiget
logical thought, concrete view of the world, hands on, classify things, conservation

Question 10

formal operational

Answer 10

paiget
middle/high school
abstract thought, higher order thinking. predict, problem solve

Question 11

vygotsky - cognitive theory

Answer 11

scaffolding, zone of proximal development, more knowledgable other, social interactions and language are critical

Question 12

Erikson’s psycho-social theories

Answer 12

trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation

Question 13

trust vs mistrust

Answer 13

babies, provide care, comfort, safety

Question 14

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 14

toddlers, need for independence (do it themself)

Question 15

initiative vs guilt

Answer 15

pre/kinder, exploration, questions, trying new things

Question 16

industry vs inferiority

Answer 16

intellectual curiosity, school performance, positive reinforcement/praise, avoid criticism/competition

Question 17

identity vs role confusion

Answer 17

adolescence, develope sense of self, influenced by others and peers, need social role models

Question 18

intimacy vs isolation

Answer 18

develop relationships and a sense of self

Question 19

kohlberg moral development theory

Answer 19

preconventional, conventional, and post conventional

Question 20

pre conventional - kohlberg

Answer 20

self-centered, avoid punishment, doesn’t under stand rules but follows, reward oriented

Question 21

conventional - kohlberg

Answer 21

black and white view of rules, respectful of authority, focused on maintaining social conventions and order

Question 22

post conventional - kohlberg

Answer 22

rules and laws are flexible depanding on context, acts on behalf of whats best for society, focused on others well-being

Question 23

theory of universal grammer - chomsky

Answer 23

language is innate and biological

babbling, holophrastic, 2-word, telegraphic, multi-word

Question 24

Operant conditioning and language development - Skinner

Answer 24

children learn language based on positive reinforcement of correct language,imitation, and associate words with meanings

Question 25

Social approach to language development - Vygotsky

Answer 25

language develops through social interactions, zone of proximal development, scaffolding, and private speech

Question 26

General intelligence - Spearman

Answer 26

general (G) factor represents overal intellectual ability, specific (S) factor is specific intellectual ability

Question 27

7 factor intelligence - Thurnstone

Answer 27

word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial visualization, number facility, associative memory, reasoning, and perceptual speed. HOWEVER, the scores vary together, soa general intelligence is still present

Question 28

succesful intelligence - Sternberg

Answer 28

3-types if intelligence: creative, analytical, and practical

Question 29

Multiple intelligences - Gardner

Answer 29

logical/mathematical, verbal/linguistic, musical, spacial, body/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist

Question 30

behaviorist theory/approach

Answer 30

teacher directed skills and behavior modification. | EX: direct instruction, feedback/correction, reinforcement, computer tutorials, repetition

Question 31

Constructivist theory/approach

Answer 31

student centered knowledge built from student experiences. EX: student active learner, real world learning, multiple viewpoints, scaffolding, discovery learning, project based learning

Question 32

cooperative/collaborative theory/approach

Answer 32

working and learning together. | EX: group goals, mixed groups, model social behaviors, competition between groups

Question 33

humanistic theory/approach

Answer 33

feelings, emoutions and motivations (maslow) EX: deficiency needs met first, self and welcoming environment, clear ecpectations, growth needs, promote interest and engaging, fun and creative learning

Question 34

cognitive theory/approach

Answer 34

memory and developing knowledge and skills. | EX: modeling, imitate, repetition, mnemonics (roygbiv), chunking

Question 35

formative assessment

Answer 35

check for learning, occurs during instruction, imforms future instruction and provides students feedback

Question 36

summative assessment

Answer 36

focus is on the ourcome of learning, occurs after instruction, provides grades nd overall acheivment

Question 37

objective assessment

Answer 37

``` clear write and wrong answers. measures lower level skills and knowledge. selected response (multi-choice, T/F) ```

Question 38

performance assessment

Answer 38

subjective grading, measures ability and higher level skills. EX: portfolio, demonstration, open-response

Question 39

criterion referenced grading

Answer 39

based on set standards. passing is based on mastery of skills. reports info about strengths and weaknesses

Question 40

norm-referenced grading

Answer 40

based on a "normal" score. compares students to each-other, graded on a curve. reports as a percentage of how well you did.

Question 41

Gibbs reflective cycle

Answer 41

description > Feelings > Evaluation > conclusions > action