Unit 2

Question 1

Maslow’s Heirarchy of needs

Answer 1

1-physiological
2-safety
3-love and belonging
4-esteem
5-cognitive
6-aesthetic
7-self-actualization
8-transcendence

Question 2

puberty effects of school performance

Answer 2

heightened emotions, unpredictable responses, rejection of authority.
poor performance IF their self-esteem is low.
students respond to reward systems (teacher can utilize feedback)

Question 3

infancy

Answer 3

0-2, learn via sensory-motor

Question 4

early childhood

Answer 4

2-6, improved motor functions, active, can manipulate objects and print name

Question 5

middle childhood

Answer 5

6-10, gain weight and height slowly, adult teeth, participate in groups, representational drawings, improved coordination

Question 6

adolescence

Answer 6

10-18, rapid growth, puberty, hormones impact behavior, view themselves as adults, reach sexual maturity

Question 7

4 stages of cognitive development (paiget)

Answer 7

sensory motor, per-operational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage

Question 8

sensory-motor stage

Answer 8

0-2, learn through movement and sensation, object permanence, cause and effect

Question 9

pre-operational stage

Answer 9

2-7, begin symbolic thinking (drawing), egocentric, think in concrete terms

Question 10

concrete operational

Answer 10

7-11, logical thinking, understand conservation, concrete thinking, inductive logic (one circumstance leads to a general rule)

Question 11

formal operational stage

Answer 11

12+, abstract thinking, hypotheticals, think about moral, philosophical, and political issues, deducive logic (general rules applied to specific issues)

Question 12

Paiget’s view on childhood development

Answer 12

children think differently than adults, there are biological developmental stages, interacting with environment challenges schema, learning occurs individually

Question 13

Vygotsky’’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 13

children learn through the Zone of Proximal Development. Scaffolding can expands achievements. large focus on language

Question 14

schema

Answer 14

preconceived notion

Question 15

Vygotsky’s view on language (3)

Answer 15

Social speech, Private speech, and Internal speech

Question 16

social speech

Answer 16

to others

Question 17

Private speech

Answer 17

language that they’ve heard adult use (self-control, EX: “hands to yourself”)

Question 18

internal speech

Answer 18

self-dialog

Question 19

using Piaget in the classroom

Answer 19

use students natural curiosity to challenge schemas, use students motivations to drive lessons. (use plastic coins to learn how to add and subtract money)

Question 20

using vygotsky in the classroom

Answer 20

zone of proximal development. teachers (scaffolds) can show examples

Question 21

Erikson

Answer 21

6 stages of psycho-social development

Question 22

trust vs mistrust

erikson

Answer 22

0-1, trust is learned when adults meet a child’s needs.

if not it leads to anxiety, fear, and mistrust

Question 23

autonomy vs shame and doubt

erikson

Answer 23

1-3, by exploring their world they learn they can control their actions on their environment, independence = autonomy.
without it leads to feelings of shame and doubt, lack of confidence

Question 24

initiative vs guilt

erikson

Answer 24

3-6, initiating activities, planning, and achieving goals = confidence and purpose.
without it there are feelings of guilt

Question 25

industry vs inferiority

erikson

Answer 25

6-12, kids compare themselves to others. this either leads to pride or feelings of inadequacy

Question 26

identity vs role confusion

erikson

Answer 26

12-18, develop sense of self. without “trying on” different selves they may feel confused about their future

Question 27

intimacy vs isolation

erikson

Answer 27

20-40, with a sense of self established they can find someone to spend their life with. without a sense of self they have trouble maintaining relationships

Question 28

erikson’s 3 types of observational learning

Answer 28

live, verbal, and symbolic

Question 29

social learning theory

Answer 29

both the environment and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and bahavior

Question 30

Erikson’s view of psychosocial development

Answer 30

emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes and reactions of others