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Z-Biology-Wrong Answers > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why are homeostatic control systems important in the body?

A

They maintain the right conditions for cells to function

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2
Q

Which part of the nervous system do the brain and spinal cord form

A

CNS

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3
Q

What’s the function of the nervous system in humans

A

It allows them to react to their surroundings and co-ordinate their behaviour

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4
Q

Name two types of effector and state how they respond to nervous impulses

A

Muscles can contract

Glands can secrete hormones

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5
Q

What are the three types of neurones

A

Sensory neurones, motor neurones, relay neurones

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6
Q

How is a signal transmitted across a synapse

A

Chemicals diffuse across a gap and transfer the nerve signal

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7
Q

Name the type of cell that makes up most of the brain’s material

A

Neurones

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8
Q

State two activities that take place in the human body which are unconscious

A

Respiration

Heart rate

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9
Q

Why is it difficult to investigate and treat brain disorders

A

It is very complex and very fragile

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10
Q

Which two parts of the eye change shape during focusing

A

Suspensory ligaments

Cillary muscles

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11
Q

Why is it important to the pupil to change size

A

So that the amount of light entering can be controlled so that bright light cannot damage the retina and to allow sufficient light to enter the item condition

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12
Q

What is the process of accommodation?

A

Focusing light on the retina by changing the shape of the lens

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13
Q

How does the eye work to focus on a near object

A

The ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligament slacken
The lens becomes more curved
The lens refracts light rays strongly

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14
Q

How does the eye work to focus on a distant object

A

The ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments are pulled tight
This means that the lens becomes less curved
Therefore less light is refracted

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15
Q

Explain how a spectacle lens correct the sight of a person with a vision defect

A

The lens refract light rays so they focus on the retina

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16
Q

What does a concave lens look like

A

a sand timer

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17
Q

What is a convex lens looks like

A

And eye

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18
Q

How can you laser technology correct vision defects

A

It changes the shape of the cornea to change how strongly light is refracted into the eye

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19
Q

Suggest the risk of replacement lens surgery

A

The retina could become damaged

20
Q

Explain how the thermoregulatory centre receives information about the temperature outside the body

A

Receptors on the skin send back nervous impulses to the thermoregulatory centre

21
Q

Describe what happens to excess glucose in the blood

A

It moves into liver and muscle cells and is converted to glycogen for storage

22
Q

What is the defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes

A

Uncontrolled high blood glucose level

23
Q

Explain how glucagon increases blood glucose concentration

A

Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and be released into the blood

24
Q

Give two treatments a doctor would recommend for type 2 diabetes

A

A carbohydrate controlled diet and regular exercise

25
Q

Jim is obese but doesn’t have diabetes. After he drinks the sugar drink, his blood glucose level rises and then Falls. Explain why this happens.

A

The blood glucose concentration starts increasing as glucose from the drink is absorbed into the blood. The pancreas detects a high blood glucose concentration and secrete insulin. Insulin causes the blood glucose concentration to fall back down.

26
Q

What process do the kidneys used to produce urine

A

Filtration

27
Q

A process in the kidneys Returns useful substances to the blood so that they are not lost in urine. What is the name of this process?

A

Selective reabsorption

28
Q

Name three useful substances that are returned to the Blood by selective reabsorption

A

Water, ions and glucose

29
Q

Give three ways water can be lost from the body

A

Breathing out from the lungs, sweating and urine

30
Q

Can the body control water loss from the skin

A

No

31
Q

In which organ are excess amino acids broken down

A

Liver

32
Q

What is the source of these extra amino acids

A

Protein in the diet

33
Q

What is a waste product of deamination

A

Ammonia

34
Q

Describe the body’s response when the brain detects that water content is too low

A

A signal is sent to the pituitary gland to release more ADH
ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water
This means less water is lost in the urine so the water content of blood is increased

35
Q

Describe the body’s response when the brain detects that water content is too high

A

A signal is sent to the pituitary gland to release less ADH
ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water
This means more water is lost in the urine so water content in the Blood is reduced

36
Q

Why might a person need a dialysis machine

A

If the kidneys don’t work properly and remove waste product

37
Q

Why is it important that the dialysis fluid has the same concentration of dissolved substances as healthy blood

A

Otherwise useful substances will be lost from the blood

38
Q

Name three substances that should be present in dialysis fluid

A

Water, ions, and glucose

39
Q

What’s the name of the gland that secretes FSH

A

Pituitary gland

40
Q

State two effects of fsh in women

A

Causes an egg to mature in the ovaries

Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

41
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of LH

Oestrogen

A

How does the hormone released by the contraceptive implant prevent pregnancy

42
Q

How does the hormone released by the contraceptive implant prevent pregnancy

A

the hormones inhibit fsh which stops eggs maturing

43
Q

Suggest an advantage of choosing the contraceptive injection over the pill

A

You don’t need to remember to take it everyday

44
Q

What’s the disadvantage of choosing the contraceptive injection over the pill

A

Side effects will last longer as it is always with you

45
Q

What’s the role of thyroxine in the body

A

It regulates basal metabolism rate

46
Q

Describe the effect that adrenaline has on the body

A

It increases heart rate,
which boost the delivery of oxygen to the brain and muscles
and boosts the delivery of glucose to the brain and muscles

Z-Biology-Wrong Answers (7 decks)

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