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AP Bio T2 > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite

A

An organism or parasite that requires a host cell in order to reproduce

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2
Q

Virulent

A

Viruses that cause disease

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3
Q

Lytic cycle

A

Virulent viruses

Ex measles and common cold

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4
Q

Steps of lytic cycle

A

Attachment, nucleic acid entry (viral dna enters host cell and breaks down host dna), replication, assembly, release

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5
Q

Lysogenic cycle steps

A

Attachment, Nucleic acid entry, integration (virus is incorporated into host dna), replication, viral dna is copied w dna so infected

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6
Q

Lysogenic viruses

A

Shingles, warts, hiv, herpes

Can result in new properties for the host

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7
Q

Retroviruses

A

Arnie viruses that replaced by transcribing it’s our need to DNA and then putting their DNA in the cellular DNA
Ex hiv

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8
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Enzyme found in some virus that uses rna as a template to make DNA

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9
Q

Retroviral integrase

A

Catalyzes the cut and paste action of clipping the host dna and then inserting the viral DNA

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10
Q

Vaccination

A

Solution that contains a Homo strain of the virus which stimulates the immune system

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11
Q

Antiviral drugs

A

Chuck’s to interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis

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12
Q

Pilus

A

Short hair like structures that help join two bacterial cells
Often transfer dna from one bacterium to another

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13
Q

Endospores

A

The dormant structure that protects bacteria against harsh conditions

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14
Q

Endospores made of

A

Thick outer covering that surrounds the DNA

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15
Q

chemotaxis

A

Directed movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus

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16
Q

In harsh conditions

A

Fruiting bodies are formed in which bact do diff tasks leading to cooperation and more efficiency to survive harshness

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17
Q

Binary fission steps

A
  1. Copies dna
  2. Chrom move to opp sides of cell
  3. Cell grows
  4. Cell pinches into two identical cells
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18
Q

Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission ir sexually by conjugation

A

.

19
Q

Transformation

A

When A bacterial cell takes in DNA from its outside environment

20
Q

Conjugation

A

When one bacteria transfers its DNA to another bacteria cell

21
Q

Transduction

A

When a virus transfers bacterial DNA from one bacteria to another

22
Q

Transposition

A

The movement of DNA segments within and between DNA molecules

23
Q

Bacteria modes of nutrition

A 
Photsynthesis
Chemosynthesis (Capture free energy from small in organic molecules) autotrophs no oxygen, heterotrophs
24
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Organisms that must have oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it

25
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Organisms that die in the presence of oxygen live only on fermentation

26
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Use oxygen if it is available, but when oxygen not available undergo fermentation

27
Q

Metabolic cooperation

A

Cooperation between prokaryotic cells allows them to use environmental resources they cannot use as individuals

28
Q

Thermophiles

A

Live hot environments

29
Q

Halophiles

A

Live salty environments

30
Q

Methanogens

A

Use carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen and produce methane as a waste product

31
Q

Protists include

A

All eukaryotes that are not plants animals and fungi, most unicellular

32
Q

Protists nutrition

A

Photsynthesis or heteroptrophs or mixotrophs (can both photosyn and heterotroph)

33
Q

For energy in protists

A

Most use aerobic respiration and have mitochondria

34
Q

Reproduction in protists

A

Asexual, sexual in meiosis or fertilization, fruiting body mechanism in harsh conditions by releasing spores

35
Q

Most protists are

A

Aquatic and havd origins in endosymbiosis

36
Q

Most fungi are

A

Multicellular filaments

37
Q

Fungi food

A

Heterotrophs, obtain nutrients through absorption- secrete exoenzymes which break down food

38
Q

Some fungi live as decomposers others as parasites

A

Some live as mutualists

39
Q

Symbiotic relationships w fungi

A

Mycorrhizae: when a fungus lives symbiotically it with plants usually attached to the root
Fungi absorbs ground nutrients and get em from stuff made by plant
Lichens: when a fungus lives symbiotically with a photosynthetic micro organism such as green algae or cyanobacteria
Fungus absorbs water and minerals from air and other provides food and energy thru photosyn

40
Q

Fungi are found

A

For most everywhere

41
Q

Fungi structure

A

Cell wall=chitin
Made of tiny threadlike filaments called hyphae
Many hyphae form mycelium, which infiltrates the material on which fungus feeds

42
Q

Mycelium structure maximizes its

A

Surface area to volume ratio making feeding efficient

43
Q

Asexual fungi reproduction

A

Make haploid spores released from fruiting bodies
Fragmentation: mycel breaks off
Budding: small cell forms and pinches off as full sized

44
Q

Sexual fungi reproduction

A

Hyphae from 2 diff mycel release phermones amd move towards other, haploid hyphae fuse, if nuclei not fused imed then called heterokaryon, nuclei fuse forming diploid zygote, new zygote does meiosis and makes haploid spores= new fungi

AP Bio T2 (3 decks)

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