Unit 5

Question 1

Obligate intracellular parasite

Answer 1

An organism or parasite that requires a host cell in order to reproduce

Question 2

Virulent

Answer 2

Viruses that cause disease

Question 3

Lytic cycle

Answer 3

Virulent viruses

Ex measles and common cold

Question 4

Steps of lytic cycle

Answer 4

Attachment, nucleic acid entry (viral dna enters host cell and breaks down host dna), replication, assembly, release

Question 5

Lysogenic cycle steps

Answer 5

Attachment, Nucleic acid entry, integration (virus is incorporated into host dna), replication, viral dna is copied w dna so infected

Question 6

Lysogenic viruses

Answer 6

Shingles, warts, hiv, herpes

Can result in new properties for the host

Question 7

Retroviruses

Answer 7

Arnie viruses that replaced by transcribing it’s our need to DNA and then putting their DNA in the cellular DNA
Ex hiv

Question 8

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 8

Enzyme found in some virus that uses rna as a template to make DNA

Question 9

Retroviral integrase

Answer 9

Catalyzes the cut and paste action of clipping the host dna and then inserting the viral DNA

Question 10

Vaccination

Answer 10

Solution that contains a Homo strain of the virus which stimulates the immune system

Question 11

Antiviral drugs

Answer 11

Chuck’s to interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis

Question 12

Pilus

Answer 12

Short hair like structures that help join two bacterial cells
Often transfer dna from one bacterium to another

Question 13

Endospores

Answer 13

The dormant structure that protects bacteria against harsh conditions

Question 14

Endospores made of

Answer 14

Thick outer covering that surrounds the DNA

Question 15

chemotaxis

Answer 15

Directed movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus

Question 16

In harsh conditions

Answer 16

Fruiting bodies are formed in which bact do diff tasks leading to cooperation and more efficiency to survive harshness

Question 17

Binary fission steps

Answer 17

1. Copies dna
2. Chrom move to opp sides of cell
3. Cell grows
4. Cell pinches into two identical cells

Question 18

Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission ir sexually by conjugation

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Transformation

Answer 19

When A bacterial cell takes in DNA from its outside environment

Question 20

Conjugation

Answer 20

When one bacteria transfers its DNA to another bacteria cell

Question 21

Transduction

Answer 21

When a virus transfers bacterial DNA from one bacteria to another

Question 22

Transposition

Answer 22

The movement of DNA segments within and between DNA molecules

Question 23

Bacteria modes of nutrition

Answer 23

Photsynthesis
Chemosynthesis (Capture free energy from small in organic molecules) autotrophs no oxygen, heterotrophs

Question 24

Obligate aerobes

Answer 24

Organisms that must have oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it

Question 25

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 25

Organisms that die in the presence of oxygen live only on fermentation

Question 26

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 26

Use oxygen if it is available, but when oxygen not available undergo fermentation

Question 27

Metabolic cooperation

Answer 27

Cooperation between prokaryotic cells allows them to use environmental resources they cannot use as individuals

Question 28

Thermophiles

Answer 28

Live hot environments

Question 29

Halophiles

Answer 29

Live salty environments

Question 30

Methanogens

Answer 30

Use carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen and produce methane as a waste product

Question 31

Protists include

Answer 31

All eukaryotes that are not plants animals and fungi, most unicellular

Question 32

Protists nutrition

Answer 32

Photsynthesis or heteroptrophs or mixotrophs (can both photosyn and heterotroph)

Question 33

For energy in protists

Answer 33

Most use aerobic respiration and have mitochondria

Question 34

Reproduction in protists

Answer 34

Asexual, sexual in meiosis or fertilization, fruiting body mechanism in harsh conditions by releasing spores

Question 35

Most protists are

Answer 35

Aquatic and havd origins in endosymbiosis

Question 36

Most fungi are

Answer 36

Multicellular filaments

Question 37

Fungi food

Answer 37

Heterotrophs, obtain nutrients through absorption- secrete exoenzymes which break down food

Question 38

Some fungi live as decomposers others as parasites

Answer 38

Some live as mutualists

Question 39

Symbiotic relationships w fungi

Answer 39

Mycorrhizae: when a fungus lives symbiotically it with plants usually attached to the root Fungi absorbs ground nutrients and get em from stuff made by plant Lichens: when a fungus lives symbiotically with a photosynthetic micro organism such as green algae or cyanobacteria Fungus absorbs water and minerals from air and other provides food and energy thru photosyn

Question 40

Fungi are found

Answer 40

For most everywhere

Question 41

Fungi structure

Answer 41

Cell wall=chitin Made of tiny threadlike filaments called hyphae Many hyphae form mycelium, which infiltrates the material on which fungus feeds

Question 42

Mycelium structure maximizes its

Answer 42

Surface area to volume ratio making feeding efficient

Question 43

Asexual fungi reproduction

Answer 43

Make haploid spores released from fruiting bodies Fragmentation: mycel breaks off Budding: small cell forms and pinches off as full sized

Question 44

Sexual fungi reproduction

Answer 44

Hyphae from 2 diff mycel release phermones amd move towards other, haploid hyphae fuse, if nuclei not fused imed then called heterokaryon, nuclei fuse forming diploid zygote, new zygote does meiosis and makes haploid spores= new fungi