Unit 5

Question 1

1. The spectrum of activity of an anti-infective indicates the
   a. acidity of the environment in which it is most effective.
   b. cell membrane type that the anti-infective affects.
   c. anti-infective’s effectiveness against different invading organisms.
   d. resistance factor that bacteria have developed to this anti-infective.

Answer 1

C.

Question 2

The emergence of resistant strains of microbes is a serious public health problem. Health care providers can work to prevent the emergence of resistant strains by
a. recommending the patient to stop the antibiotic as soon as the symptoms are resolved to prevent overexposure to the drug.
b. encouraging the use of antibiotics when patients feel they will help.
c. limiting the use of antimicrobial agents to the treatment of specific pathogens known to be sensitive to the drug being used.
d. using the most recent powerful drug available to treat an infection to ensure eradication of the microbe.

Answer 2

C.

Question 3

3. Sensitivity testing of a culture shows
   a. drugs that are capable of controlling that particular microorganism.
   b. the patient’s potential for allergic reactions to a drug.
   c. the offending microorganism.
   d. an immune reaction to the infecting organism.

Answer 3

A.

Question 4

4. Combination therapy is often used in treating infections. An important consideration for using combination therapy is that
   a. it is cheaper to use two drugs in one tablet than one drug alone.
   b. most infections are caused by multiple organisms.
   c. the combination of drugs can delay the emergence of resistant strains.
   d. combining anti-infectives will prevent adverse effects from occurring.

Answer 4

C.

Question 5

Superinfections can occur when anti-infective agents destroy the normal flora of the body. Candida infections are commonly associated with antibiotic use. A patient with this type of superinfection would exhibit
a. difficulty breathing.
b. vaginal discharge or white patches in the mouth.
c. elevated blood urea nitrogen.

Answer 5

B.

Question 6

Which is an example of an anti-infective used as a means of prophylaxis?
a. Penicillin used for tonsillitis
b. Penicillin used to treat an abscess
c. Amoxicillin used before dental surgery
d. Co-trimoxazole used for a bladder infection

Answer 6

C.

Question 7

broad-spectrum antibiotic would be the drug of choice when
a. the patient has many known allergies.
b. the provider is waiting for culture and sensitivity results.
c. the infection is caused by one specific bacterium.
d. treatment is being given for an upper respiratory infection of unknown cause.

Answer 7

B.

Question 8

Bacterial resistance to an anti-infective could be the result of which of the following?
a. Natural or intrinsic properties of the bacteria
b. Changes in cellular permeability or cellular transport systems
c. Production of chemicals that antagonize the drug
d. Initial exposure to the anti-infective
e. Combination of too many antibiotics for one infection
f. Narrow spectrum of activity

Answer 8

ABC

Question 9

Anti-infective drugs destroy cells that have invaded the body. They do not specifically destroy only the cell of the invader, and because of this, many adverse effects can be anticipated when an anti-infective is used. Which of the following adverse effects are often associated with anti-infective use?
a. Superinfections
b. Hypotension
c. Renal toxicity
d. Diarrhea
e. Loss of hearing
f. Constipation

Answer 9

ACD

Question 10

bacteriostatic substance is one that
a. directly kills any bacteria in which it comes into contact.
b. directly kills any bacteria that are sensitive to the substance.
c. prevents the growth of any bacteria.
d. prevents the growth of specific bacteria that are sensitive to the substance.

Answer 10

D.

Question 11

Where are gram-negative bacteria most likely to cause infection?
a. Respiratory tract
b. Soft tissues in the legs
c. GI and GU tracts
d. Brain tissue

Answer 11

C.

Question 12

Antibiotics that are used together to increase their effectiveness and limit the associated adverse effects are said to be
a. broad spectrum.
b. synergistic.
c. bactericidal.
D. Anaerobic

Answer 12

B.

Question 13

aminoglycoside antibiotic might be the drug of choice in treating
a. serious infections caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria.
b. otitis media in an infant.
c. cystitis in a patient who is 4 months pregnant.
d. suspected pneumonia before the culture results are available.

Answer 13

A.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a caution for the use of cephalosporins?
a. Allergy to penicillin
b. Renal failure
c. Allergy to aspirin
d. Concurrent treatment with aminoglycosides

Answer 14

C.

Question 15

6. The fluoroquinolones
   a. are found freely in nature.
   b. are associated with Achilles tendon rupture.
   c. are widely used to only treat gram-positive infections.
   d. are broad-spectrum antibiotics with few associated adverse effects.

Answer 15

B. Cause they interfere with enzymes nededed for G & D.

Question 16

Ciprofloxacin is an example of
a. a penicillin.
b. a fluoroquinolone.
c. an aminoglycoside.
d. a macrolide antibiotic.

Answer 16

B.

Question 17

8. A patient receiving a fluoroquinolone should be cautioned to anticipate
   a. increased salivation.
   b. constipation.
   c. photosensitivity.
   d. cough.

Answer 17

C.

Question 18

The goal of antibiotic therapy is
a. to eradicate all bacteria from the system.
b. to suppress resistant strains of bacteria.
c. to reduce the number of invading bacteria so that the immune system can deal with the infection.
d. to stop the drug as soon as the patient feels better.

Answer 18

C.

Question 19

The penicillins
a. are bacteriostatic.
b. are bactericidal, interfering with bacteria cell walls.
c. are effective only if given intravenously.
d. do not produce cross-sensitivity within their class.

Answer 19

B.

Question 20

young patient is found to have a soft tissue infection that is most responsive to tetracycline. Your teaching plan for this patient, who is able to become pregnant, should include which of the following points?
a. Tetracycline can cause gray baby syndrome.
b. Do not use this drug if you are pregnant because it can cause tooth and bone defects in the fetus.
c. Tetracycline can cause severe acne.
d. You should use a second form of contraception if you are using oral contraceptives because tetracycline can make them ineffective.
e. This drug should be taken in the middle of a meal to decrease GI upset.
f. You may experience a vaginal yeast infection as a result of this drug therapy.

Answer 20

BF

Question 21

In general, all patients receiving antibiotics should receive teaching that includes which of the following points?
a. The need to complete the full course of drug therapy
b. The possibility of oral contraceptive failure
c. When to take the drug related to food and other drugs
d. The need for assessment of blood tests
e. Advisability of saving any leftover medication for future use
f. How to detect superinfections and what to do if they occur

Answer 21

ACF