Unit 5 Flashcards
Kph Texas Revolution
Texas owned by mexico
govt owned TX to settlers from US (MANY anglo americans came)
rapid growth of AA(many w slaves) alarmed Mexican officials
1830: govt said slaves couldnt be brought into texas and americans couldnt settle in
Texans rebelled and declared their independence from Mexico in 1836
(led by Sam Housten)
After Texas Revolution
TX wanted to join US
antislavery Whigs opposed another slave state in union also ppl thought would start war with mexico
Jackson didnt want to ignite divission campaign so remained - Lone Star Republic
Manifest Destiny
American has God-given right to occupy the whole continent
Americans were destined to expand and into the West and cultivate and civilize the country from coast to coast
President Who used manifest destiny
Polk used idea of manifest destiny to win 1840 election
Annexing of texas and oregonn
after Polks election,
texas was annexed 1845
US and Great Brittain claimed OR territory- US said would go to war for whole but Polk avoided conflict and divided on 49th parallel
Mexican War CAUSE
annexation of TX enraged Mexico - Polk increased tension when he supported Texas’ claim to the Rio Grande River - Mexican govt denied claim (said TX Territory didnt extend that far)
April 1846, Mexican calvary ambushed US unit the region next to Rio Grande killed 11 soldiers
- polk demanded congress to declared war and did in May 1846 (invaded america and shed blood)
Mexican War Opposition
provoked small but inflential group of critics
whigs and NE abolitionists denounced war because it was an act of aggresion designed to help S bring slavery into new territories
Lincoln in congress challenged polk to identify where on american soil american blood was shed
Henry David Thoreau
wrote civil disobedience (inspo to MLK jr.)
Conquest of Mexico
american forced led by Taylor and Scott conquered Mexico
Taylor became national hero when defeated larger Mexican Army
Scott won publicity when captured Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe
Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to US while also accepting Rio grande as texas border
US got more then 500,000 square miles of land and MX lost 1/3 of their territory
Gadsden Purchase was not part of the Treaty- parta of southern land of New MX facilitated railroad contruction
what did mexican war cause
a turning point in american history because ignited ingreasingly bitter dispute over extension of lsavery into new western territories
Wilmot Proviso
1846: Wilmot Proviso. Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico.
It was never passed through both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery because
was supported by North and opposed by south rather than whigs vs. democrats - starting the destroying of the second party system
southerners believed he was beggining of attack on slavery - northerners became fearful of slave power by southerners
Cali gold rush
by end of 1849 over 80,000 people came to cali to search for gold - these new californians drew up a constitution asking congress to admit them into the union as a free state
small village (sanfrisico) into a porty city
this petition for statehood renewed unresolved debate over slavery from mexican war-increase tensions because senate would continue veto power over north dominated house of reps
Great Compromiser
By Henry Clay
grouped 6 proposals into paris (1 for N and 1 for S)
- admit Cali into union as a free state, but establish territorial govt in rest of the mexico cessesiom
- assigned disputed territory to New MX but payed 10 mil of texas debt as gotten from being and independent republic
- abolish slave trade but not slavery in district of columbia and enact a dtrict new fugitive slave law
ALL THIS ALLIGNS THE COMPROMISE OF 1850- bought delay that let North gain industey, pop growth, and leadership
fugitive slave act
comp. of 1850 initially produced unexpected benifets to South - Cali selected conservative senetors who voted with South on a lot of issues
a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves;
still 1000 slaves per year escaped
opposition to fugitive slave act
intesified antislavery sentiment ebcause required Northerners to enforce slavery
safe house and underground railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
abolitionist Stowe wrote this to help readers understand the morallt intolerable impact of slavery on families
increases antislavery sentiment in north and aroused resentment in South
Kansas-Nebraska Act
proposed by Douglas,
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.
(popular soverignty)
broke truce between N and S
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas is the term used to describe the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory.
In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraks Act overturned the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory and instead, using the principle of popular sovereignty, decreed that the residents would determine whether the area became a free state or a slave state.
Proslavery and free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision. Violence soon erupted as both factions fought for control. Abolitionist John Brown led anti-slavery fighters in Kansas before his famed raid on Harpers Ferry.
Kansas Nebraska Act casuses
bleeding kansas
formation of republican party in 1854 (end of two party system) and began third party system
Dred Scott Case
1857
Scott was a slave who sued for freedom
the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court.
The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.
the Court declared slaves were categorized as chattel property
Consequences of Dred Scott
invalidated Missouri Compromise - cast doubt on validity of popular soverignty - strengthed view that constitution saefeguarded slavery for south and north view that slave power intended to immpose slavery all whole nation
john browns raid
on harpers ferry 1859
One of the immediate causes of the civil war
2nd largest armory in the US
John Brown hoped for a massive slave rebellion starting at Harpers Ferry
Brown and his followers took control of the armory
Failed. Brown and followers captured
EFFECTS: caused sympathy in north, hero to abolitionists, and south saw it as beggining of attacks
election of 1860
democratic party split into two factions, lincoln ran for republicans, (opposed expansion of slavery into western territory bu continue to be protected where its at- free soil) Lincoln won (none in South)
Crittenden Compromise
Lincoln’s election prompted SC and six other deep south states to suceed from the union
in last effort to save union John Srittenden proposed to bind constitutional ammendment to extend the missouri compromise line to west coast - lincoln rejected because went against republican belief of no extendeding slavery into west - continued to disunion and bloody war
Confederate States Of America
led by SC, seven deep sputh states seceded before Lincoln took office on March 4 - cotton belt states left because they believed Lincoln was an enemy of the South and its slave system
_______________________________________
seven seceded states sent delegates to Montgomery, Alabama and founded the confederate states of america - adopted constitution based on states’ right
Lincolns inaugural address
repeated pledge to not interfere with slavery where already exists, denied states had any lawful right to leave the union
fort sumter
South Carolina location
where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort
Significance: South ignited the fighting of the Civil War, provoked Lincoln to assemble army - caused VA, AK, TN, and NC to join confederacy
