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AP Environmental Science > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Agricultural Pollution

A

Pollution from rural areas where people live

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2
Q

Algae

A

a general term for small, chlorophyll-containing plants such as seaweed or pond scum

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3
Q

Ammonia

A

a colorless, pungent gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen from animal waste

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4
Q

Aquaculture

A

the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food; fish farming

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5
Q

Aquatic

A

living or growing in water

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6
Q

Aquifer

A

an underground water system made of porous rock and sand

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7
Q

Bottom trawling

A

fishing method that involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor

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8
Q

By-catch

A

unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species

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9
Q

Condensation

A

when water vapor (gaseous water) forms droplets of water in the atmosphere, making clouds. The change in water from gas to liquid form.

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10
Q

Confining layer

A

a place in the aquifer where impermeable rock covers permeable rock

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11
Q

Evaporation

A

the change in water from liquid to gas

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12
Q

Eutrophication

A

When large amounts of nutrients enter the water and cause an increase in the amount of oxygen

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13
Q

Exotic plant

A

A plant that is transported from its place of origin and introduced into a new environment

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14
Q

Groundwater

A

water that percolates through the surface and is retained in underlying rock and soil.

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15
Q

Groundwater contamination

A

when any harmful substance enters the water underground and makes it unsuitable for use

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16
Q

Groundwater model

A

a representation of the underground water system

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17
Q

Groundwater system

A

holds the rock layers that make up an aquifer and the water that is stored and transported through the openings in the rocks

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18
Q

Herbicides

A

chemicals used to kill weeds

19
Q

Hydrologic cycle

A

the passage of water between reservoirs (oceans and atmosphere) by groundwater percolation, evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

20
Q

Impermeable

A

something that does not allow liquid to run through it

21
Q

Marine protected area (MPA)

A

officially, an MPA is any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, tribal, territorial, or local laws or regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein. In practice, MPAs are defined areas where natural and/or cultural resources are given greater protection than the surrounding waters.

22
Q

Native plant

A

A plant that lives and thrives in its place of origin

23
Q

Nitrate

A

a water-soluble molecule made up of nitrogen and oxygen, commonly found in agricultural fertilizers

24
Q

Nitrogen

A

A colorless, odorless gas that is a non-metallic element which makes up almost four fifths of the air

25
Q

Non-point source

A

when the point of the pollution is difficult to identify

26
Q

Organic pollution

A

pollution that occurs when living things decompose

27
Q

Percolation

A

when precipitation is absorbed into the ground and moves down through the soil

28
Q

Permeable

A

ability of something to allow liquids to run through it

29
Q

Pesticides

A

chemical substances applied to plants to keep insects away

30
Q

Phosphates

A

Phosphorous can come from natural sources such as phosphate- containing rocks and human sources such as fertilizers, pesticides, detergents, and industrial wastes.

31
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants convert energy from the sun into food

32
Q

Phytoplankton

A

single-celled algae

33
Q

Point source

A

when the source of the pollutant is easily identified

34
Q

Porous rock

A

a rock with many spaces between grains

35
Q

Precipitation

A

water that is released from the atmosphere as rain, snow, hail, etc.

36
Q

Sediment pollution

A

pollution that occurs when loose soil is carried into bodies of water by rain

37
Q

Spring

A

water returning to the surface after being absorbed by the ground

38
Q

Stormwater runoff

A

rainwater that does not soak into the ground and carries pollution into bodies of water

39
Q

Surface runoff

A

precipitation that drains across the land into lakes, streams, or rivers

40
Q

Surface water

A

water that lays on the earth’s surface. Surface water includes water in rivers, lakes, streams, creeks, ponds, and wetlands

41
Q

Transpiration

A

the process by which water is released from plant leaves

42
Q

Watershed

A

an area of land over which water flows to reach a common body of water such as a lake or pond

43
Q

Well

A

a hole that is drilled into the aquifer

44
Q

Zooplankton

A

very small aquatic animals

AP Environmental Science (9 decks)

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