Unit 5 Flashcards
Extensive agriculture
Utilizes machines, large lots of land, located away from populated areas
Intensive produce
Large amounts of labor used, small plots of land, and located near ares with high population
Environmental possibilism
Individuals manipulate and change the environment
Shifting cultivation
Farmers move from one field to another (also includes slash and burn agriculture)
Nomadic herding
Nomads move herds to different pastures, rely on animals for survival
Livestock ranching
Commercial livestock grazing. Eventually they will be sent to be slaughtered
Commercial grain farming
Grown primarily for human consumption
Market/commercial gardening
Intensive agriculture such as tomatoes that tends to spoil quickly
Plantation agriculture
Specializes in one crop transported for sale in the global market
Mixed crop/livestock
Crops are grown to feed animals, money comes from livestock
Mediterranean
Commercial food grown that requires hot and dry climates
Long lot
Geometric boundaries next to a body of water
Township and range
Rectangle/grid system to maintain a uniform survey method
Dispersed land settlement
Settlements are dispersed and isolated over the land
Linear
Settlement is organized along a line
Domestication
Effort to grow and raise plants/animals to adapt to human needs
What did the Fertile crescent grow
Wheat (bread basket)
Southeast Asia crops
Sugarcane, rice, tea, taro
East Asia
Rice, soybeans
Sub Saharan Africa
Coffee, sorghum, African rice
Mesoamérica
Maize, potatoes
Independent inventions
When a certain trait has many cultural hearths that developed seperatly
How did agriculture spread
Contagious diffusion
Colombian Exchange
Exchange of goods and ideas between North America Africa and Europe
Crop rotation
Growing different crops at different times to allow soil to replenish
Substinence farming
Grow food for family/town, not much surplus or income, manual labor
Commercial farming
Food grown to be sold at market; purpose is to make a profit
Monocropping
Growing mass amounts of one crop; leads to lack of biodiversity
Agribusinesses
Large-scale businesses that process and distribute produce
Economies of scale
Large scale farming is more cost effective since they can get lower bulk prices
Monocropping
Extensively growing a single crop
Vertical integration
One company owns the entire process (from farms to putting it on the shelf)
Economies of scale
Large scale farming is able to mass produce, allowing the farms to save money
Commodity chains
Improvements allow farmers to grow their crops/animals to grow far from their market
Bid-rent theory
Most desirable land is closest to the market. Closer you are to the market, the higher the rent
Von Thunen Model Major Idea
-perishability factors into how close or far a farm is to its market
-transportation costs are relative to distance from market
Shifting cultivation
Land is cultivated until soil is infertile
Biotechnology drawbacks
Costly and concerns over health effects of GMOs
Aquaculture
Fish farms created to fight overfishing, but can lead to spread of diseases
