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AP Human Geography > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Agriculture

A

The purposeful cultivation of plants or raising of animals to produce goods for survival

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2
Q

Tropical climate region (3 sub divisions)

Hint: Warm rain creates wet and dry forests

A

Areas with warm temperatures year round and varying precipitation

Subunit 1: Wet tropical
- lots of precipitation
- growth of tropical rain forests

Subunit 2: Tropical monsoon
- heavy summer rains and dry winters

Subunit 3: Tropical wet and try
- less rainy season than the tropical monsoon

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3
Q

Dry climate region (2 subunits)

A

Areas with dry climate (commonly found in continent interiors)

Subdivision 1: Arid
- very dry

Subdivision 2: semi arid
- minimal precipitation
- grass lands

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4
Q

Temperate climate region (3 subunits)

Hint: Marines in the Mediterranean blame their temper on the humid climate

A

Areas with moderate temperature and adequate precipitation amounts

Subunit 1: humid temperate
- eastern side of a continent
- cold winters and year long precipitation

Subunit 2: marine west coast
- west coast of a continent
- cold winter and lots of rain

Subunit 3: Mediterranean
- west coasts near desserts and around the Mediterranean Sea
- mild and wet winters
- hot and dry summers

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5
Q

Mediterranean agriculture

A

Growing hard trees (suck as olive, fruit, nuts etc) and shrubs (grape and vines); and raising sheep and goats

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6
Q

Tundra climate region (1 subunit)

Hint: Harry stays inside his condo almost every day because he hates the snow

A

Extremely cold with a short mild summers (no farming)

Subunit 1: continental climate
- interior continents of northern hemisphere
- distinct seasons with winter and snows

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7
Q

Ice cap climate region

A

Climate region that doesn’t go beyond freezing (arctic and Antarctic)

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8
Q

Subsistence agriculture

A

Where growing food is a matter of survival (growing only enough for family and community)

  • hard labor for crops and livestock
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9
Q

Commercial agriculture

A

Growing crops and livestock for profit to sell to customers

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10
Q

Bid rent theory

A

Explains how land value determines how farmers use the land

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11
Q

Intensive agriculture

A

When farmers use a lot of effort to produce as much yield as possible

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12
Q

Intensive subsistence agriculture

A

Where people put large amounts of human labor to grow high yields on small plots of land to support families and the community

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13
Q

Intensive commercial agriculture

A

Heavy investments in labor and capital which result on high yields for profit

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14
Q

Monocropping

A

Cultivation of one or two crops rotated seasonally

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15
Q

Monoculture

A

Planting one crop or raising one type of animal anually

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16
Q

Crop rotation

A

The varying of crops from year to year

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17
Q

Plantation agriculture

A

Large scale commercial farming of one crop grown for markets far from the plantation

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18
Q

Market gardening

A

Also called the farm to table movement
Benefits: farmers don’t pay for delivery, and food is fresh.

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19
Q

Mixed crop and livestock system (2 types)

A

The cultivation benefits both the crop and livestock for profit

  1. On farming: crops and livestock are on the same farm
  2. between farm: two farmers share resources
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20
Q

Extensive agriculture

A

When farmers put in few inputs and get lower outputs (typically in semi periphery and periphery countries)

21
Q

Extensive subsistence agriculture

A

A type of agriculture where farmers put few inputs into farming and produce low output of crops (usually for a small population)

22
Q

shifting cultivation

A

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture that involves growing crops or letting livestock graze in one area, then leaving that area when the land is no longer arable

23
Q

Slash and burn

A

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture that involves cutting down vegetation in an area, burning it for fertilizer, using the area, and moving when the soil is no longer arable

24
Q

Nomadic herding

A

Moving to different areas in different seasons to allow the “best” grazing or to prevent overgrazing

25
Q

Transhumance

A

The movement of a herd from higher elevations (summer) to lower elevations (winter)

26
Q

Extensive Commercial agriculture

A

A type of agriculture that involves a low input into an area that results in low outputs for profit

27
Q

Ranching

A

A type of extensive commercial farming practice (usually not practiced close to a population. Includes the raising of cattle

Found in semi arid grasslands

28
Q

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)

A

Type of intensive commercial practice where farmers on small amounts of land house many animals

29
Q

Clustered/ nucleated settlement

A

A rural settlement pattern where a population lives close together

Pro: unity and the sharing of common resources

Con: social friction and fields that are too far from home

30
Q

Dispersed settlement

A

A rural settlement pattern where a population lives far away from each other (usually occurs in areas of rough terrain)

Pro: independent and self sufficient

Con: Lack of social connection, no sharing of resources

31
Q

Linear settlement

A

Type of rural settlement pattern where the population settles in a line along a land feature or transportation route

Pro: Access to water and transport

Con: field far away from home

32
Q

Land surveying

A

Method used to determine a property’s 3D positional points

33
Q

Metes and bounds

A

Type of rural survey method that originated from Great Britain
The boundaries are drawn from clear reference points

34
Q

Long-lot survey

A

Type of rural survey method that originated from France and Spain

Where property is divided into long strips to allow equal access to resources

35
Q

Townships and range system

A

Rural survey method that involved creating rectangular land lots

36
Q

Domestication

A

The deliberate effort to grow plants and raising animals. Making animals and animals adapt to demand and hybridize

37
Q

Selective breeding

A

Cultivating plants that make the most seeds. The new plants would also have better yields and nutrition

38
Q

Agricultural hearth

A

Where different groups begin to domesticate plants and animals

39
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

Time period: 7000 BCE
First Agricultural hearth located in South Asia (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran)

40
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

41
Q

Revolution

A

Changes that have had far reaching impacts on life, society, and cultures

42
Q

First Agricultural Revolution

A

The shift from foraging to farming

43
Q

Second Agricultural Revolution

A

Era corresponding with the Industrial Revolution

This industrial revolution led to increased crop yields and a population boom

44
Q

Third Agricultural Revolution

A

The shift from animal power to mechanical and electric power

45
Q

GMO

A

Genetically Modified Organisms

Tactic farmers use on plants to build resistance against disease and drought and to give crops more nutritional impact

46
Q

Green Revolution

A

Where new agricultural practices and crop strains were shown to areas with low yields and a high populations

47
Q

Organic Farming

A

Agricultural with natural products and processes

48
Q

Climate region

A

Areas that have similar climate patterns

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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