Unit 4 Flashcards
African Union
A supranational organization that is made up of 55 different t states in Africa.
Wants to remove all forms of colonialism and promote stability
Annexation
the internationally legal addition of new territory into an existing state
Anocracy
A form of government where elements of democracy and autocracy are employed (highly unstable and inefficient)
Antecedent boundary
Boundary established before many people settle into an area
Arctic Council
High level intergovernmental
Deals with issues related to the Arctic including sustainable development
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Works on accelerating economic growth, social progress, cultural development and maintaining peace and security in SE Asia
Better representation on global stage
Autocracy
A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people (referred to as dictatorship)
Usually has a negative outcome
Autonomous region
A defined area within a state that has a high degree in of governance from its parent state
Balkanization
When a state breaks up into different state (often due to conflict)
Berlin Conference
Conference in 1884 where European leaders met to define the boundaries in Africa
Boundaries caused economic and social problems
Centrifugal force
Force that divides a group of people
May lead to violence, civil unrest, and war
Can be ethnic groups, cultural traits languages etc.
Centripetal force
A force that unites a group of people
Can be cultural traits, language, sports, ethnicity etc
Choke point
Narrow, strategic passageway to another place (difficult to pass)
Waterway choke points are very important
Cold War
A period of diplomatic, political, and military rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WW2
Colonialism
When a powerful country establishes settlement in less powerful country for economy and politics
Communism
Government controls all sectors of the economy to ensure even distribution of wealth
Consequent Boundaries
Type of sequent boundary that is established to settle conflict between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups
Cultural Cohesion
The capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make a mutual commitment to live together as citizens of the same state
Delimitation
The process of drawing boundaries on maps in accordance with legal agreement
Demarcation
The act of making boundaries with physical objects (stones, fences, wall etc.)
Devolution
The transfer of power from a National government to regional governments (power is broken up and spread between lower organizations)
Structure of government challenged (destabilization)
Demilitarized Zone
An area between two states that can’t be occupied or used for military purposes
Democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
Democratization
The process of introducing a Democratic system or Democratic principles
Economies of Scale
As a company grows it is able to reduce its average cost of production
Enclave
State (or part of a state) surrounded by another state
Ethnic cleansing
Process in which a more powerful ethnicity group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region
Ethnic separatism
A type of devolution that occurs when people of a certain ethnic (multinational state) identify more re strongly as members of their ethnic group
Ethnicity
State of belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics
Ethnonationalism
When people of a country identify as one common ethnicity
European Union (EU)
European Organization governing common economic, social, and security issues (in Europe)
Exclave
A region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country
Exclusive Economic Zone
States that a state has the rights to exploit or conserve any resources (living or nonliving) found within the waters 200 nautical miles away from the coast line
Federal state
A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller regional authorities (federalism)
Geometric boundary
A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs
Geopolitics
The study of the influence of geographical factors on the political, economic, and military affairs of nations and regions
Gerrymandering (cracking and packing)
Gerrymandering: when the party that controls the majority of the seats draws legislative map in their favor
Packing: concentrate voters in one area (other party wins surrounding districts)
Cracking: diluting voter power
Imperialism
The larger idea of creating an empire by exerting force to control other nations often from afar
Infrastructure
Structures and facilities
Irredentism
Attempting to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation
Maritime boundary
Boundary in the sea
States with maritime boundaries are more developed
Multinational state
Country with various ethnicities and cultures
Multistate Nation
A nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states
Nation
Cultural entities
Made up of individuals who’ve forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage
Nationalism
When people feel a greater devotion to the state than other group interests
Nation State
When the territory occupied by a group (who sees themselves as a nation) is the same as the politically recognized boundaries of their state
Neocolonialism
The use of economic, political, cultural or the pressures to control or influence other countries (usually former dependent states)
Nongovernmental organizations
Organization formed independent from the government (typically non profit)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A military alliance
(Member states in Europe and North America and partners around the globe)
Race
A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics
Racism
Prejudice or discrimination against a person or people based on their race or ethnic group
Redistricting
When a state’s internal boundaries that determine voting districts are redrawn to match census data
Reapportionment
Reviewing and possibly reassigning the number of seats in Congress for each state
Relic boundary
Former boundaries that once existed but no longer have an official function
Self Determination
Right of all people to choose their own political status
Semiautonomous region
A defined area within a state that has authority to govern under certain laws
Shatterbelt
Where states form, join, and break up because of ongoing conflict
Shows Instability and in a region
Sovereignty
Authority to govern in domestic and international affairs
Gov has room guy to control + defend its territory
State
A politically organized independent territory with
1.) defined boundaries
2.) A permanent population
3.) maintained sovereignty
4.) Recognition from other states
Stateless nation
People United by culture, language, and history but with no state
Subsequent boundary
Drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscape already exists or are in process of being established
Superimposed boundaries
Borders that draw over existing accepted borders by an outside power
Supranationalism
An alliance of 3+ states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue
Territoriality
Attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence or control people phenomena and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over an area
Terrorism
the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims
Unilateralism
The process of reaching a decision unilaterally (done by one person, group, county)
Unitary state
Top down form of government
Authority in central government carried out in regional units
UNCLOS
Makes the rules governing the ocean and its resources
United Nations
International organization that maintains peace and security and promotes economic and social development
(193 members global)
