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AP Human Geography > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

African Union

A

A supranational organization that is made up of 55 different t states in Africa.

Wants to remove all forms of colonialism and promote stability

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2
Q

Annexation

A

the internationally legal addition of new territory into an existing state

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3
Q

Anocracy

A

A form of government where elements of democracy and autocracy are employed (highly unstable and inefficient)

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4
Q

Antecedent boundary

A

Boundary established before many people settle into an area

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5
Q

Arctic Council

A

High level intergovernmental

Deals with issues related to the Arctic including sustainable development

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6
Q

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A

Works on accelerating economic growth, social progress, cultural development and maintaining peace and security in SE Asia

Better representation on global stage

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7
Q

Autocracy

A

A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people (referred to as dictatorship)

Usually has a negative outcome

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8
Q

Autonomous region

A

A defined area within a state that has a high degree in of governance from its parent state

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9
Q

Balkanization

A

When a state breaks up into different state (often due to conflict)

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10
Q

Berlin Conference

A

Conference in 1884 where European leaders met to define the boundaries in Africa

Boundaries caused economic and social problems

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11
Q

Centrifugal force

A

Force that divides a group of people
May lead to violence, civil unrest, and war

Can be ethnic groups, cultural traits languages etc.

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12
Q

Centripetal force

A

A force that unites a group of people

Can be cultural traits, language, sports, ethnicity etc

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13
Q

Choke point

A

Narrow, strategic passageway to another place (difficult to pass)

Waterway choke points are very important

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14
Q

Cold War

A

A period of diplomatic, political, and military rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WW2

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15
Q

Colonialism

A

When a powerful country establishes settlement in less powerful country for economy and politics

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16
Q

Communism

A

Government controls all sectors of the economy to ensure even distribution of wealth

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17
Q

Consequent Boundaries

A

Type of sequent boundary that is established to settle conflict between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups

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18
Q

Cultural Cohesion

A

The capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make a mutual commitment to live together as citizens of the same state

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19
Q

Delimitation

A

The process of drawing boundaries on maps in accordance with legal agreement

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20
Q

Demarcation

A

The act of making boundaries with physical objects (stones, fences, wall etc.)

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21
Q

Devolution

A

The transfer of power from a National government to regional governments (power is broken up and spread between lower organizations)

Structure of government challenged (destabilization)

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22
Q

Demilitarized Zone

A

An area between two states that can’t be occupied or used for military purposes

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23
Q

Democracy

A

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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24
Q

Democratization

A

The process of introducing a Democratic system or Democratic principles

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25
Q

Economies of Scale

A

As a company grows it is able to reduce its average cost of production

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26
Q

Enclave

A

State (or part of a state) surrounded by another state

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27
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

Process in which a more powerful ethnicity group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

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28
Q

Ethnic separatism

A

A type of devolution that occurs when people of a certain ethnic (multinational state) identify more re strongly as members of their ethnic group

29
Q

Ethnicity

A

State of belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

30
Q

Ethnonationalism

A

When people of a country identify as one common ethnicity

31
Q

European Union (EU)

A

European Organization governing common economic, social, and security issues (in Europe)

32
Q

Exclave

A

A region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country

33
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone

A

States that a state has the rights to exploit or conserve any resources (living or nonliving) found within the waters 200 nautical miles away from the coast line

34
Q

Federal state

A

A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller regional authorities (federalism)

35
Q

Geometric boundary

A

A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs

36
Q

Geopolitics

A

The study of the influence of geographical factors on the political, economic, and military affairs of nations and regions

37
Q

Gerrymandering (cracking and packing)

A

Gerrymandering: when the party that controls the majority of the seats draws legislative map in their favor

Packing: concentrate voters in one area (other party wins surrounding districts)

Cracking: diluting voter power

38
Q

Imperialism

A

The larger idea of creating an empire by exerting force to control other nations often from afar

39
Q

Infrastructure

A

Structures and facilities

40
Q

Irredentism

A

Attempting to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

41
Q

Maritime boundary

A

Boundary in the sea
States with maritime boundaries are more developed

42
Q

Multinational state

A

Country with various ethnicities and cultures

43
Q

Multistate Nation

A

A nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states

44
Q

Nation

A

Cultural entities

Made up of individuals who’ve forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage

45
Q

Nationalism

A

When people feel a greater devotion to the state than other group interests

46
Q

Nation State

A

When the territory occupied by a group (who sees themselves as a nation) is the same as the politically recognized boundaries of their state

47
Q

Neocolonialism

A

The use of economic, political, cultural or the pressures to control or influence other countries (usually former dependent states)

48
Q

Nongovernmental organizations

A

Organization formed independent from the government (typically non profit)

49
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

A military alliance
(Member states in Europe and North America and partners around the globe)

50
Q

Race

A

A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics

51
Q

Racism

A

Prejudice or discrimination against a person or people based on their race or ethnic group

52
Q

Redistricting

A

When a state’s internal boundaries that determine voting districts are redrawn to match census data

53
Q

Reapportionment

A

Reviewing and possibly reassigning the number of seats in Congress for each state

54
Q

Relic boundary

A

Former boundaries that once existed but no longer have an official function

55
Q

Self Determination

A

Right of all people to choose their own political status

56
Q

Semiautonomous region

A

A defined area within a state that has authority to govern under certain laws

57
Q

Shatterbelt

A

Where states form, join, and break up because of ongoing conflict

Shows Instability and in a region

58
Q

Sovereignty

A

Authority to govern in domestic and international affairs

Gov has room guy to control + defend its territory

59
Q

State

A

A politically organized independent territory with
1.) defined boundaries
2.) A permanent population
3.) maintained sovereignty
4.) Recognition from other states

60
Q

Stateless nation

A

People United by culture, language, and history but with no state

61
Q

Subsequent boundary

A

Drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscape already exists or are in process of being established

62
Q

Superimposed boundaries

A

Borders that draw over existing accepted borders by an outside power

63
Q

Supranationalism

A

An alliance of 3+ states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue

64
Q

Territoriality

A

Attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence or control people phenomena and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over an area

65
Q

Terrorism

A

the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims

66
Q

Unilateralism

A

The process of reaching a decision unilaterally (done by one person, group, county)

67
Q

Unitary state

A

Top down form of government
Authority in central government carried out in regional units

68
Q

UNCLOS

A

Makes the rules governing the ocean and its resources

69
Q

United Nations

A

International organization that maintains peace and security and promotes economic and social development

(193 members global)

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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