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AP Human Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical Geography

A

The study of natural processes and the distribution of features in an environment.

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2
Q

Human Geography

A

The study of the events and processes that have shaped how humans understand, use, and alter the earth.

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3
Q

Spatial Perspective

A

refers to where something occurs.

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4
Q

ecological perspective

A

relationship between living things and their environments

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5
Q

Location

A

is the position that a point or object occupies earth

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6
Q

Absolute Location

A

the exact location of an object

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7
Q

Relative location

A

description of where a place is in relation to other places or features

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8
Q

place

A

related to, but different from location, place is a location on Earth distinguished by its physical and human characteristics

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9
Q

mental map

A

internalized representations of portions of Earth’s surface

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10
Q

Site

A

Absolute location, as well as physical characteristics

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11
Q

Situation

A

a place’s connections and location in relation other paces.

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12
Q

Space

A

area between two or more places on Earth

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13
Q

Distribution

A

How things are arranged in a given space

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14
Q

Density

A

The number of things (people, animals, objects) in a specific area

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15
Q

pattern

A

How things are arranged in a particular space

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16
Q

flow

A

how a given space changes over time as things move from one place to another

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17
Q

environmental determinism

A

human behavior is largly controled by the physical environment

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18
Q

possiblism

A

humans can adapt to their environments

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19
Q

sustainability

A

Use of Earth’s resources to ensure they’ll be there in the future

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20
Q

Scale

A

Area of the world being studied

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21
Q

region

A

Area of Earth’s surface with certain characteristics that make it distinct from other areas.

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22
Q

Formal (Uniform) region

A

Area with one or more shared characteristics (can be landforms, cultures, regions etc.)

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23
Q

Functional (nodal) region

A

area organized by its functions around a focal point (center of interest or activity)

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24
Q

perceptual / vernacular region

A

region that reflects people’s feelings and attitudes about a place

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25
Q

Node

A

focal point of a functional region

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26
Q

Suburb

A

residential areas surrounding a city

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27
Q

globalization

A

the expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide
scale

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28
Q

theory

A

system of Ideas intended to explain
certain phenomena

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29
Q

World system theory

A

describes the spatial + functional relationships between countries in the world economy.

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30
Q

Core

A

wealthier countries with higher education levels and more advanced technology

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31
Q

semi - periphery

A

countries that have both core and periphery processes

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32
Q

periphery

A

countries that have less wealth, lower education, and less sophisticated technology

33
Q

sustainable development

A

development that meets the needs. of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

34
Q

quantitative

A

Information measured by numbers

35
Q

qualitative

A

interpretations of data sources

36
Q

census

A

An official count of the number of people in a defined area.

37
Q

Geographic information sustems (GIS)

A

sophisticated mapping software systems

38
Q

topography

A

the shape and features of land surfaces

39
Q

remote sensing

A

the method of using geospatial technology to gather data remotely

40
Q

Global positioning system (GPS)

A

network of 31 satellites (in the U.S. system ) that transmits location data to handheld receivers

41
Q

cartographers

A

create maps

42
Q

absolute distance

A

distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length

43
Q

relative distance

A

distance measured in terms of other criteria

44
Q

absolute direction

A

The cardinal directions

45
Q

relative direction

A

directions based on people’s perceptions (right, left, up, down)

46
Q

Abiotic systems

A

non - living part of ecosystem that shapes environment. (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere etc.)

47
Q

Biotic systems

A

living things within the environment

48
Q

Climate

A

the weather conditions in an area that prevail for a long period of time

49
Q

weather

A

the state of the atmosphere at a place and time

50
Q

Connection

A

refer to the ties of 2 seperate places whether it be through transportation, politics, or culture

51
Q

Conservation

A

prevention of wasteful use of a resource

52
Q

Preservation

A

The act of preserving (maintain something in original state.)

53
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

the process of an idea being spread rapidly throughout the population

Spreads quickly and everywhere

54
Q

cultural ecology

A

A culture’s adaptation to the environment

How we live our lives is in balance with nature

55
Q

cultural landscape

A

a place with many layers of history that evolves through design and over time

56
Q

Dot map

A

map where dots are used to show locations of certain events

57
Q

Geospatial

A

relating to data that is associated with a particular location

58
Q

hearth

A

region from which innovative ideas originate

59
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from people or nodes of authority. (for ex, hip hop)

Spreads through a structure

60
Q

relocation diffusion

A

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

No new individuals added with relocation

61
Q

Spatial diffusion

A

begins at a clear point of origin and spreads from there. The spread of human culture

62
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle.

Trait changes a little as it diffuses (takes on different aspects. For example: McDonalds)

63
Q

Latitude

A

the numbering system used to indicates the location of a parallel

64
Q

Parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridians (helps with the time zones)

65
Q

Longitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of a meridian (helps establish time zones)

66
Q

Meridian

A

an arc between the north and the south poles and helps define time zones along with parallels

67
Q

Prime meridian

A

the meridian that passes through Greenwich, England at 0 degree longitude (12 hours of light everyday)

68
Q

International Date Line

A

Follows closely at 180 degrees longitude. When you past it heading East, the clock moves back 24 hours and vice versa

69
Q

Toponym

A

Location name - usually reflective of culture and history

70
Q

Reference maps

A

Map that shows where something is in space

71
Q

Spatial distribution

A

The arrangement of a phenomena across Earth’s surface

72
Q

Spatial Association

A

A general term that encompasses a number of ways in which events measurements or places are related in space

73
Q

Thematic map

A

Map focused on a particular topic or theme

74
Q

Topographic map

A

Describes the shape of the land

75
Q

Transnational

A

Refers to things that take place across national borders

76
Q

Global scale

A

Identifies broad patterns that encompass the entire world

77
Q

Regional scale

A

Interactions within a region/ regional setting

78
Q

National scale

A

A scale as viewed across the whole country

79
Q

Local scale

A

Spatial scale that is a community

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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