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Astronomy > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the sun makes up what percent of mass in the solar system

A

99.86

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2
Q

thermonuclear fusion

A

Arthur Eddington thought that temp at suns core was hot enough for 4 hydrogen atoms to make a helium atom

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3
Q

energy in thermonuclear fusion

A

some mass is lost and converted to energy

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4
Q

luminosity

A

suns total energy output 3.9*10^26 watts

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5
Q

hydrogen burning

A

hydrogen converted to helium

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6
Q

hydrostatic equilibrium

A

sun can support its own weight

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7
Q

thermal equilibrium

A

sun put out constant amount of energy

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8
Q

temperature

A

average motion of atoms or molecules

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9
Q

heat

A

energy that flows

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10
Q

conduction

A

heat transfer through touch

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11
Q

convection

A

flow, liquids and gases

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12
Q

radiation

A

heat transferred through space

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13
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

energy from sun to earth (no medium)

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14
Q

Einstein’s theory of special relativity implied which of the following?

A

Energy and matter are interchangeable.

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15
Q

magnitude scale

A

describes how bright an object appears

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16
Q

apparent magnitude

A

how bright the object appears to observer

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17
Q

absolute magnitude

A

measured by energy output of star

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18
Q

inverse square law

A

apparent brightness is inversely proportional to the square of distance between observer and source

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19
Q

Star A is a first magnitude star. Star B is a sixth magnitude star. Which star is brighter and by how much

A

Star A is 100 times brighter than star B.

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20
Q

Which of the following best describes the relationship between absolute magnitude?

A

Absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude an object would have at a distance of ten parsecs.

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21
Q

How many magnitude 3 stars does it take to get as much light as one magnitude 2 star?

A

2.5

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22
Q

parallax

A

apparent shifting of position of an object because of a change in point of view
d=1/p distance equals one over parallax angle
1/5/8=8/5

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23
Q

In the parallax equation D = 1/p, which of the following units is used to measure the distance?

A

parsecs

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24
Q

If a star is 11/6 parsecs away, what is its parallax angle (in fraction notation) in arc seconds?

A

6/11

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25
Q

protoplanet hypothesis

A

solar system started as a nebula that condensed and formed the sun

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26
Q

nebula

A

cloud of dust and gas

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27
Q

accretion

A

accumulation of material using gravity

28
Q

protostars

A

high mass: blue stars
low mass: yellow stars

29
Q

dies

A

stars die when there is no more fuel to produce heat

30
Q

low mass

A

star collapses and eventually becomes a brown dwarf

31
Q

high mass

A

contracts and then a supernova creates an explosion, the central core stays and becomes a neutron star

32
Q

pulsars

A

radio pulses from objects in universe

33
Q

burster

A

matter collects on neutron star, then bursts

34
Q

nova

A

visible flash from white dwarf binaries

35
Q

The central core that remains after a supernova is known as which of the following?

A

A neutron star

36
Q

spectrum

A

specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation it gives off, gives a clue to the temp of the star

37
Q

visible color

A

blue stars are hotter than red stars

38
Q

spectral classification

A

O, B, A, F, G, K, M O is hot, ten subcategories 0-9, Sun is G2

39
Q

Hertzprung-Russell diagrams

A

discovered relationship between spectral and absolute magnitude

40
Q

red giants

A

appears red, cooler stars

41
Q

supergiants

A

bigger than red giants and brighter

42
Q

white dwarfs

A

hot, dim, and small

43
Q

virgo

A

the virgin, y and then curves down, bright star spica

44
Q

leo

A

the lion, shaped like a lion with neck coming out, bright star Regulus

45
Q

Gemini

A

the twins, two stick figures holding hands, bright stars castor and pollux

46
Q

cancer

A

the crab, upside down y, no bright star.

47
Q

t/f Yellow stars, such as our sun, will one day explode in a supernova.

A

false

48
Q

t/f Higher mass stars live longer on the main sequence than low mass stars.

A

false

49
Q

Type A stars are hotter than type O stars. t/f

A

false

50
Q

The corpse of a low mass star is probably

A

a white dwarf

51
Q

t/f After the Sun leaves the main sequence, it will evolve into a red giant.

A

true

52
Q

Which of the spectral types of stars spends the least amount of time on the main sequence?

A

B

53
Q

The process of accumulating material as described in the protoplanet hypothesis is called

A

accretion

54
Q

Three mechanisms of heat transfer are

A

convection, conduction, and radiation

55
Q

Which of the following is the correct order for spectral types of stars?

A

OBAFGKM

56
Q

What would you conclude if you looked through the eyepiece of a telescope and observed two stars within the field of view, one orange and one light blue?

A

the blue one is hotter

57
Q

Star A is a first magnitude star. Star B is a sixth magnitude star. Which star is brighter and by how much?

A

Star A is 100 times brighter than star B.

58
Q

t/f The Sun’s energy source is nuclear fusion.

A

true

59
Q

A huge cloud of gas and dust is called a

A

nebula

60
Q

How far away is a star whose parallax angle is 3/11 arc second?

A

11/3 parsecs

61
Q

t/f
In order for the distance to an object to be measured using parallax, it must be viewed from two different locations.

A

true

62
Q

How many magnitude 3 stars does it take to get as much light as one magnitude 2 star?

A

2.5

63
Q

t/f A blue star on the main sequence will live a long time compared to our sun because it is so massive.

A

false

64
Q

The total energy output of a star is called

A

luminosity

65
Q

/f
A very large star will undergo several supernova explosions in its lifetime.

A

false

66
Q

t/f A star’s absolute magnitude is dependent on its distance from the observer.

A

false

Astronomy (8 decks)

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