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Astronomy > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle

A

proposed theory that universe had two types of motion

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2
Q

Who proposed the two types of motion and what are they

A

Aristotle, towards/away and around

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3
Q

retrograde motion

A

occurs when planet appears to stop, go backwards, then forward, like on a track racing

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4
Q

epicycles

A

spheres within spheres

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5
Q

Ptolemy

A

able to predict the location of planets using Aristotle’s theories.

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6
Q

Aristarchus

A

believed that the sun was at the center of our solar system

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7
Q

heliocentric

A

sun center belief with earth and planets orbiting around.

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8
Q

Geocentric

A

earth centered theory

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9
Q

Eratosthenes

A

calculated the circumference of the Earth

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10
Q

Who proposed the idea of epicycles?

A

Ptolemy

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11
Q

Dark Ages

A

affected Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire

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12
Q

Who detailed the advantages of the sun centered theory

A

Nicolaus copernicus

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13
Q

Configurations

A

geometric arrangements

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14
Q

inferior conjunction

A

inner planets line up between Earth and Sun

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15
Q

Superior cunjunction

A

inner planets opposite side of the sun from Earth

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16
Q

Greatest eastern elongation

A

planet is as far east of the sun as it can be

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17
Q

Greatest western elongation

A

planet farthest west it can reach

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18
Q

opposition

A

planet opposite side of the sun, outer planets

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19
Q

conjunction

A

planet lined up with the sun, outer planet

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20
Q

period

A

amount of time it takes ot complete one revolution

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21
Q

synodic period

A

time elapsed between 2 successive configurations

22
Q

sidereal period

A

true orbit period of planet

23
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

proposed planetary orbits not circles

24
Q

Keplers laws

A
  1. planets orbit in an ellipse
  2. Relationship between planet speed and sun distance
  3. sidereal period^2 =semi major axis^3
25
Q

Who used the first telescope

A

Galileo Galilei

26
Q

Isaac Newton

A

made three laws

27
Q

Who proposed general relativity (idea that gravity curves)

A

Albert Einstein

28
Q

gravitational lensing

A

curvature of space bends path of light

29
Q

Orion

A

the hunter, shaped like a person bright stars Betelguese and Rigel

30
Q

Canis Major

A

Great dog, shaped like a dog with four legs, bright start Sirius

31
Q

Canis minor

A

little dog, a short line, bright start procyon

32
Q

Auriga

A

the charioteer, shaped like a pentagon, bright start Capella

33
Q

t/f
When Saturn is at opposition we cannot see it because it is hiding behind the Sun.

A

false

34
Q

Aphelion is the point in a planetary orbit at which the planet is

A

farthest from the Sun

35
Q

t/f
Epicycles are smaller spheres attached to the larger deferents.

A

true

36
Q

Ptolemy

A

invented epicycles to explain retrograde motion

37
Q

Eratosthenes

A

calculated the circumference of Earth

38
Q

Aristotle

A

theory of the universe with two types of motion: towards away from and around

39
Q

Aristarchus

A

believed that the Sun was at the center of the universe

40
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

first astronomer to use a telescope

41
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

tried to prove heliocentric universe was wrong

42
Q

Nicholas Copernicus

A

first modern astronomer to believe in a heliocentric universe

43
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

theorized that planets do not move at uniform speeds throughout their orbits

44
Q

t/f
Most of the names of the brightest stars are of Arabic origin.

A

true

45
Q

Who proposed the idea that gravity could actually bend light?

A

Albert Einstein

46
Q

t/f The synodic period is the amount of time for a planet to move from one configuration to the next identical configuration.

A

true

47
Q

t/f All early astronomers before Copernicus believed that the world was flat

A

false

48
Q

t/f Planets in orbits closer to the Sun move faster than planets in orbits further away.

A

true

49
Q

t/f Planets do not orbit the Sun in perfectly circular orbits.

A

true

50
Q

Which of the following is not one of the major astronomical discoveries made by Galileo?

A

The shape of a planet’s orbit is an ellipse.

51
Q

t/f Astronomers of ancient Greece believed the world was shaped like a sphere.

A

true

52
Q

What was the greatest contribution of Tycho Brahe to astronomy?

A

He amassed a large number of precise measurements of stellar and planetary positions in the sky.

Astronomy (8 decks)

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