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N517 Tests > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what triggers ovulation

A

increased LH

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2
Q

What hormone do follicles produce

A

estrogen

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3
Q

what hormone does the corpeus luteum secrete

A

progesterone and estrogen

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4
Q

What keeps the uterine lining vascularized after implantation

A

HCGn keep corpeus luteum functioning so it can continue to produce progesterone

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5
Q

what ovarian cell produces androgens

A

Theca

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6
Q

what ovarian cell has receptors for LH

A

Theca

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7
Q

what ovarian cell creates estrogen from androgens

A

granulosa

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8
Q

what ovarian cell has receptors for FSH

A

Granulosa

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9
Q

In PCOS there is an excess of: LH or FSH

A

LH

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10
Q

What condition causes Acanthosis nigrans

A

PCOS

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11
Q

What is clomiphene used for

A

to induce ovulation in anovulation related to PCOS

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12
Q

PTH binds to osteoblasts or osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

(Osteoblasts or osteoclasts) express RANKL and (osteoblasts or osteoclasts) bind to the RANKL

A

osteoblasts
osteoclasts

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14
Q

What role does estrogen play in osteoporosis

A

increased production of OPG

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15
Q

what does OPG do

A

Stops RANKL from binding to RANK on osteoclasts therefore inhibiting activation of osteoclasts

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16
Q

What is first line treatment for osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates

A

bind to hydroxyepetite in bone and are then taken up into the osteoclasts causing osteoclasts apoptosis

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18
Q

What medications can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures

A

bisphosphonates

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19
Q

bisphosphonates may cause (increased or decreased) serum calcium

A

decreased

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20
Q

Why is PTH a treatment for osteoporosis

A

intermittent PTH dosing has been shown to activate osteoblasts more than it activates osteoclasts

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of denosumab

A

stops RANKL bind to RANK to decreased osteoclast activation

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22
Q

What medications predisopose people to osteoporosis (10)

A

anticoagulants, PPIs, corticosteroids, anti seizure meds, thyroid hormone, retinoids, MTX, loop diuretics, cyclosporin, depo

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23
Q

which calcium has the highest bioavailability

A

calcium lysinate

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24
Q

what class is calcitonin and when is it used

A

RANKL inhibitor, second line treatment for osteoporosis

25
Q

when are extended combined OCPs beneficial

A

excessive bleeding, dysmennorrhea, endometreosis

26
Q

what is an extended phase OCP

A

multiple or no months with a placebo week therefore fewer or no withdrawl bleedings

27
Q

how do combined OCPs prevent pregnancy

A

inhibit ovulation

28
Q

why does menopause cause increased FSH

A

follicular depletion means not as much estrogen so FSH increases to try to increase estrogen

29
Q

why should women entering menopause have LDL levels checked

A

because estrogen has a protective cardiovascular effect

30
Q

what class of medication can be used for hot flashes and irritability in menopause

A

SSRIs or SNRIs

31
Q

when do women not require both progestin and estrogen in hormone therapy for menopause

A

hysterectomy - only require estrogen and not progestin

32
Q

BV, retrograde menstratution and intercourse can all increase riks of developing _____

A

PID

33
Q

what is hydrosalpinx and what causes it

A

swollen fallopian tube from PID

34
Q

true or false: a history of having PID may make it harder to get pregnant

A

true, as scar tissue may remain in the fallopian tubes

35
Q

what is fits-hugh-curtis syndrome

A

inflammation from PID spreads to peritoneum and then up to liver causing scar tissue

36
Q

What STIs are most likely to cause PID

A

chlamydia and ghonorrhea

37
Q

fever with abnormal vaginal discharge and pelvic pain may be ____

A

PID

38
Q

cervical motion tenderness is an indication of _____

A

PID

39
Q

true or false: a positive result for BV rules out the diagnosis of PID

A

false, BV can lead to a PID

40
Q

what abx are used to treat PID

A

Cephalosporins and tetracyclines : 1 dose of IM ceftriaxone followed by 2 weeks of doxy and flagyl

41
Q

when might surgery be necessary for PID treatment

A

to remove adhesions or for hydroslpinx or tubal abcess

42
Q

true or false: patients with a tubo-ovarian abcess can be treated with outpatient abx

A

false, it will likely need surgical intervention

43
Q

true of false: history of PID increases risk of ectopic pregnancy

A

true

44
Q

the follicular phase takes place (before or after) ovulation

A

before

45
Q

why is there sometimes no ovulation in PCOS

A

LH is constantly high so there is no sudden LH surge to facilitate ovulation

46
Q

what condition may cause hyperplasia of ovarian theca cells

A

PCOS

47
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary amennorhea

A

primary: menstration never started. Secondary: menstration used to occur but has now stopped

48
Q

what is the most common cause of amennorhea

A

turner syndrome

49
Q

what is the most common cause of secondary amennorhea

A

pregnancy

50
Q

pain with defecation, chronic fatigue and infertility may be symptoms of what

A

endometriosis

51
Q

patients with dysmenorrhea who do not respond to NSAIDs should be considered for _____

A

endometriosis

52
Q

what is gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis

A

laproscopy

53
Q

what medication can be used for dysmenorrhea

A

NSAIDs

54
Q

What class is alendronate and what is it used to treat

A

bisphosphonate for Osteoporosis

55
Q

Goserelin and nafarelin are what class of medicaiton and used to treat what

A

GnRH agonists used to treat endometriosis

56
Q

what class is Danazol and what is it used to treat

A

androgen receptor agonist, treats endometriosis

57
Q

estrogen therapy and PTH analogues can be used to treat _____

A

osteoporosis

58
Q

how does cholchicine work

A

blocks recruitment of neutrophils

N517 Tests (7 decks)

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