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AP HUG > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

language family

A

collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor

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2
Q

indigenous language

A

a language that is native to a certain region and spoken by the people who are originally from there

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3
Q

lingua franca

A

a language mutually understood and commonly used by people with different native languages

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4
Q

dialect

A

a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocab, spelling, and pronunciation

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5
Q

language

A

system of communication through the use of speech, and sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning

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6
Q

pidgin language

A

a form of speech that is simplified to get around and for communication (unstable, simplified,adopted)

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7
Q

language hearth

A

area from which a language developed and spread

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8
Q

creole language

A

language that results from the blending two languages together (stable, native)

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9
Q

revived languages

A

a language that was almost extinct but is now being used

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10
Q

extinct language

A

a language that was once used but no longer is

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11
Q

isolated language

A

a language that is unrelated to any other languages so it’s not attached to any language family

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12
Q

_____ said all languages stem from _____

A

Atkinsion, Africa

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13
Q

what’s the nomadic war hypothesis

A

Geographer Marija Gimbutas said that the Kurgans diffused language through war in present day Russia

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14
Q

what’s the sedentary farmer hypothesis

A

Geographer Colin Renfrew said that the Anatolians diffused language through farmland search in present day Turkey

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15
Q

how did most languages spread before technology

A

relocation diffusion

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16
Q

examples of isolated languages

A

Bosque in Spain and Icelandic

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17
Q

_____ →_____→_______

A

family, branch, group

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18
Q

where is the African language family located

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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19
Q

where is the Afro-Asiatic language family located

A

Northern Africa, Middle East

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20
Q

where is Indo-European language family located

A

Middle East, North America, and Europe

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21
Q

where is the Sino-Tibetan language family located

A

China and Southeast Asia

22
Q

Sub-Saharan languages:__

A

Swahili is the most common

23
Q

Afro-Asiatic languages:__

A

Arabic is the most common

24
Q

Indo-European languages:__

A

European languages like English,Italian, Polish, etc.

25
Q

Sino-Tibetan languages:__

A

Mandarin has the most native speakers globally and Cantonese is the second largest

26
Q

Where are Indo-Iranian languages located

A

Asia

27
Q

North America=

A

English then Spanish

28
Q

Central and South America=

A

Spanish

29
Q

Brazil=

A

Portuguese

30
Q

Sub-Saharan Africa=

A

Swahili

31
Q

North Africa and South West Asia=

A

Arabic

32
Q

Europe=

A

Indo-European languages

33
Q

South Asia=

A

Hindi

34
Q

East Asia=

A

Mandarin

35
Q

Describe the Proto Indo-European language family

A

the origin language ALL Indo-European languages, only a theory and can’t be proven

36
Q

Where did Indo-European languages diffuse from

A

modern day Turkey/Russia

37
Q

Who diffused Indo-European languages

A

Anatolians

38
Q

Who diffused Indo-European languages

A

Anatolians→Hittites

39
Q

How did Indo-European languages diffuse

A

conquest, exploration, and migration

40
Q

Where did Indo-European languages diffuse to

A

Asia and Europe

41
Q

Describe the language diffusion in Europe

A

relocation diffusion, migration, and isolation

42
Q

Describe language diffusion in North and South America

A

colonization and exploration

43
Q

Mandarin is the lingua franca of:

A

East Asia

44
Q

Swahili is the lingua franca of:

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

45
Q

Spanish is the lingua franca of:

A

South and Central America

46
Q

Russian is the lingua franca of:

A

East Europe

47
Q

English is the lingua franca of:

A

the world

48
Q

Example of a extinct language

A

Latin

49
Q

Example of a revived language

A

Welsh in the U.K. and Hebrew in Israel

50
Q

Official Language

A

language that is the government language of the country

51
Q

Standard Language

A

the proper form of a specific language

52
Q

Mandarin uses _____ which is _________

A

logograms, using symbols to represent words or phrases

AP HUG (3 decks)

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