Unit 5 Flashcards
language family
collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor
indigenous language
a language that is native to a certain region and spoken by the people who are originally from there
lingua franca
a language mutually understood and commonly used by people with different native languages
dialect
a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocab, spelling, and pronunciation
language
system of communication through the use of speech, and sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning
pidgin language
a form of speech that is simplified to get around and for communication (unstable, simplified,adopted)
language hearth
area from which a language developed and spread
creole language
language that results from the blending two languages together (stable, native)
revived languages
a language that was almost extinct but is now being used
extinct language
a language that was once used but no longer is
isolated language
a language that is unrelated to any other languages so it’s not attached to any language family
_____ said all languages stem from _____
Atkinsion, Africa
what’s the nomadic war hypothesis
Geographer Marija Gimbutas said that the Kurgans diffused language through war in present day Russia
what’s the sedentary farmer hypothesis
Geographer Colin Renfrew said that the Anatolians diffused language through farmland search in present day Turkey
how did most languages spread before technology
relocation diffusion
examples of isolated languages
Bosque in Spain and Icelandic
_____ →_____→_______
family, branch, group
where is the African language family located
Sub-Saharan Africa
where is the Afro-Asiatic language family located
Northern Africa, Middle East
where is Indo-European language family located
Middle East, North America, and Europe
where is the Sino-Tibetan language family located
China and Southeast Asia
Sub-Saharan languages:__
Swahili is the most common
Afro-Asiatic languages:__
Arabic is the most common
Indo-European languages:__
European languages like English,Italian, Polish, etc.
Sino-Tibetan languages:__
Mandarin has the most native speakers globally and Cantonese is the second largest
Where are Indo-Iranian languages located
Asia
North America=
English then Spanish
Central and South America=
Spanish
Brazil=
Portuguese
Sub-Saharan Africa=
Swahili
North Africa and South West Asia=
Arabic
Europe=
Indo-European languages
South Asia=
Hindi
East Asia=
Mandarin
Describe the Proto Indo-European language family
the origin language ALL Indo-European languages, only a theory and can’t be proven
Where did Indo-European languages diffuse from
modern day Turkey/Russia
Who diffused Indo-European languages
Anatolians
Who diffused Indo-European languages
Anatolians→Hittites
How did Indo-European languages diffuse
conquest, exploration, and migration
Where did Indo-European languages diffuse to
Asia and Europe
Describe the language diffusion in Europe
relocation diffusion, migration, and isolation
Describe language diffusion in North and South America
colonization and exploration
Mandarin is the lingua franca of:
East Asia
Swahili is the lingua franca of:
Sub-Saharan Africa
Spanish is the lingua franca of:
South and Central America
Russian is the lingua franca of:
East Europe
English is the lingua franca of:
the world
Example of a extinct language
Latin
Example of a revived language
Welsh in the U.K. and Hebrew in Israel
Official Language
language that is the government language of the country
Standard Language
the proper form of a specific language
Mandarin uses _____ which is _________
logograms, using symbols to represent words or phrases
