Unit 4.2 The heart, blood vessels and blood Flashcards by Amy O'Rourke

Where in the body are the lungs located?

top part of body -thorax

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Name the sheet of muscle that lies underneath the lungs in the respiratory system

diaphragm

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What structure makes up the lungs?

alveoli

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Name the organs that the air flows through in the respiratory system

mouth - wind pipe - bronchus - bronchioles - alveoli

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The trachea branches into …

bronchus

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The bronchus branch into

bronchioles

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The bronchioles end in the …

alveoli

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Another name for the windpipe is

tranchea

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Which structure inside the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

alveoli

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The blood arriving at the alveoli contains a high concentration of which gas?

carbon dioxide

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The blood arriving at the alveoli contains a low concentration of which gas?

oxygen

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Blood leaving the alveoli contains a high concentration of which gas?

oxygen

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Blood leaving the alveoli contains a low concentration of which gas?

carbon dioxide

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Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary artery

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What type of blood is carried in the pulmonary artery?

deoxygenated

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Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary vein

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How many chambers are there in the heart?

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Name the top two chambers in the heart

atria (pl) atrium (singular)

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Name the bottom two chambers of the heart

ventricles

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which side of the heart pumps to the body?

left

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which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

right

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Which side of the heart has a thicker muscle?

left

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The left side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall, why is this necessary?

pumps blood at greater distance (all over body) thicker muscles generates a stronger force of contraction

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When gases are exchanged in the lungs how to the gases move (by what process?)

diffusion - from a high to a low concentration

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What is meant by a double circulatory system?

2 circuits joined together - body and lungs

The main artery in the heart that carries blood away from the heart and to the body is called?

aorta

The main vein in the heart taking IN blood that has been around the body

vena cava

The vena cava contains deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

deoxygenated blood

The heart is an o...

organ

The walls of the heart are made mainly of

muscle tissue

The function of valves in the heart is to

prevent blood flowing backwards

When the atria contract where does the blood flow to?

into the ventricles

When the ventricles contract where does the blood flow to?

out of the heart into either the aorta or pulmonary artery

The heart has its own supply of oxygenated blood which blood vessels supply this?

coronary arteries

The resting heart rate is controlled by?

a group of cells in the right atrium

The cells which control the heart rate act as a p..

pacemaker

If a persons natural pacemaker in the heart doesn't work what is used instead?

an artificial pacemaker

Arteries carry blood...

Away from the heart

Veins carry blood...

INto the heart

Capillaries are described as...

exchange surfaces - connect arteries and veins

What is the pressure like in an artery?

high

What types of tissues do you find in an artery?

lots of muscle and elastic

The artery wall is very weak - true or false?

false - its very strong

The size of the lumen in an artery is...

small

The elastic tissue in the artery is helpful because?

it allows the artery to stretch and spring back

Which is the smallest blood vessel?

capillaries - 1 cell thick

Special features of capillaries include...

1. one cell thick 2. permeable walls 3. carry blood close to every cell

How much muscle and elastic do you find in a vein

very little - large lumen

Which blood vessel contains valves?

veins

Blood pressure in a vein is high or low?

very low

blood vessels are described as organs why?

made up of more than 1 type of tissue

Blood is composed of which cells?

red blood cells white blood cells platlets

Blood cells in blood are suspended in what liquid?

plasma

Job of a red blood cell?

carry oxygen around the body from lungs

The shape of a red blood cell is?

biconcave (dents on both sides)

Why is the shape of the red blood cells a good adaptation?

provides a large surface area for absorbing oxygen

The red blood cell is packed full of what chemical?

haemoglobin

What do red blood cells not have that all other cells do have?

nucleus - more room for haemoglobin

When in the lungs the RBC picks up oxygen what does the haemoglobin become?

oxyhaemoglobin

White blood cells function is..?

defence against disease

Phagocytosis is

the engulfing of pathogens by WBC

WBC produce this protein molecule that is specific to the antigen on a pathgen?

antibodies

what other chemical do WBC produce that neutralises toxins?

anti-toxins

Which chemical produced by WBC destroys the pathogen - antitoxins or antibodies?

antibodies

Small fragments of cells are called

platelets

Do platelets have a nucleus?

no - so they are like RBC`

The role pf platelets is?

blood clotting

Lack of platelets would cause...?

bleeding and bruising

What colour is plasma

yellow straw colour

Other than special cells what else is carried in the plasma?

carbon dioxide urea glucose amino acids hormones proteins antibodies and antitoxins

This piece of medical equipment widens arteries and keeps arteries open to allow more blood to flow

stents

Coronary heart disease is when

coronary arteries that supply the heart get blocked

A blockage in a coronary will cause the cells in that part of the heart to die (heart attack) - why?

lack of blood carrying oxygen and glucose (so no respiration)

Lack of oxygen to heart muscles causes a

heart attack

Patients can develop blood clots from stents - these blood clots are called

thrombosis

Where is cholesterol produced?

liver

Too much cholesterol is bad? true or false

true

What happens to the excess cholesterol in the blood?

gets deposited on artery wall

Cholesterol is carried in the b...

blood

Name the drug that helps to lower blood cholesterol

statins

What organ do the statins act on?

liver

Faulty valves can be replaced with one of two types of valves...

biological (pigs) or mechanical (man-made)

What might cause valves in the heart to become faulty?

old age infection heart attacks

If someone has a faulty heart, what are the options?

heart transplant or an artificial heart

Is an artificial heart a permanent solution?

What are the problems with heart transplants?

major risk of surgery - bleeding heart could be rejected have to take suppressant drugs

What are the advantages to artificial hearts?

no risk of major surgery no risk of rejection

What are the problems with artificial hearts?

electric motor could fail blood doesn't flow smoothly through = blood clots risk of strokes patients have to take drugs to thin blood

Advantages of heart transplant

saves a life

Fill in the missing label

aorta

Fill in the missing label

left ventricle

Fill in the missing label

pulmonary artery

Fill in the missing label

pulmonary vein

Fill in the missing label

right atrium

Name the part of the blood vessel the blood flows through

Lumen

What does the lumen get layered with in a diseased artery?

cholesterol

Name the cell

red blood cell

name the blood cell in the middle

white blood cell

name the blood cell on the right

platelet

Identify the missing label.