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11B1 - AQA Biology Trilogy > Unit 4.2 The heart, blood vessels and blood > Flashcards

Unit 4.2 The heart, blood vessels and blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Where in the body are the lungs located?

A

top part of body -thorax

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2
Q

Name the sheet of muscle that lies underneath the lungs in the respiratory system

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

What structure makes up the lungs?

A

alveoli

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4
Q

Name the organs that the air flows through in the respiratory system

A

mouth - wind pipe - bronchus - bronchioles - alveoli

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5
Q

The trachea branches into …

A

bronchus

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6
Q

The bronchus branch into

A

bronchioles

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7
Q

The bronchioles end in the …

A

alveoli

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8
Q

Another name for the windpipe is

A

tranchea

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9
Q

Which structure inside the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

A

alveoli

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10
Q

The blood arriving at the alveoli contains a high concentration of which gas?

A

carbon dioxide

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11
Q

The blood arriving at the alveoli contains a low concentration of which gas?

A

oxygen

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12
Q

Blood leaving the alveoli contains a high concentration of which gas?

A

oxygen

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13
Q

Blood leaving the alveoli contains a low concentration of which gas?

A

carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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15
Q

What type of blood is carried in the pulmonary artery?

A

deoxygenated

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16
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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17
Q

How many chambers are there in the heart?

A

4

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18
Q

Name the top two chambers in the heart

A

atria (pl) atrium (singular)

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19
Q

Name the bottom two chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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20
Q

which side of the heart pumps to the body?

A

left

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21
Q

which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

A

right

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22
Q

Which side of the heart has a thicker muscle?

A

left

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23
Q

The left side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall, why is this necessary?

A

pumps blood at greater distance (all over body) thicker muscles generates a stronger force of contraction

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24
Q

When gases are exchanged in the lungs how to the gases move (by what process?)

A

diffusion - from a high to a low concentration

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25
Q

What is meant by a double circulatory system?

A

2 circuits joined together - body and lungs

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26
Q

The main artery in the heart that carries blood away from the heart and to the body is called?

A

aorta

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27
Q

The main vein in the heart taking IN blood that has been around the body

A

vena cava

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28
Q

The vena cava contains deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated blood

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29
Q

The heart is an o…

A

organ

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30
Q

The walls of the heart are made mainly of

A

muscle tissue

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31
Q

The function of valves in the heart is to

A

prevent blood flowing backwards

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32
Q

When the atria contract where does the blood flow to?

A

into the ventricles

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33
Q

When the ventricles contract where does the blood flow to?

A

out of the heart into either the aorta or pulmonary artery

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34
Q

The heart has its own supply of oxygenated blood which blood vessels supply this?

A

coronary arteries

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35
Q

The resting heart rate is controlled by?

A

a group of cells in the right atrium

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36
Q

The cells which control the heart rate act as a p..

A

pacemaker

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37
Q

If a persons natural pacemaker in the heart doesn’t work what is used instead?

A

an artificial pacemaker

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38
Q

Arteries carry blood…

A

Away from the heart

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39
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

INto the heart

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40
Q

Capillaries are described as…

A

exchange surfaces - connect arteries and veins

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41
Q

What is the pressure like in an artery?

A

high

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42
Q

What types of tissues do you find in an artery?

A

lots of muscle and elastic

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43
Q

The artery wall is very weak - true or false?

A

false - its very strong

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44
Q

The size of the lumen in an artery is…

A

small

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45
Q

The elastic tissue in the artery is helpful because?

A

it allows the artery to stretch and spring back

46
Q

Which is the smallest blood vessel?

A

capillaries - 1 cell thick

47
Q

Special features of capillaries include…

A
  1. one cell thick 2. permeable walls 3. carry blood close to every cell
48
Q

How much muscle and elastic do you find in a vein

A

very little - large lumen

49
Q

Which blood vessel contains valves?

A

veins

50
Q

Blood pressure in a vein is high or low?

A

very low

51
Q

blood vessels are described as organs why?

A

made up of more than 1 type of tissue

52
Q

Blood is composed of which cells?

A

red blood cells white blood cells platlets

53
Q

Blood cells in blood are suspended in what liquid?

A

plasma

54
Q

Job of a red blood cell?

A

carry oxygen around the body from lungs

55
Q

The shape of a red blood cell is?

A

biconcave (dents on both sides)

56
Q

Why is the shape of the red blood cells a good adaptation?

A

provides a large surface area for absorbing oxygen

57
Q

The red blood cell is packed full of what chemical?

A

haemoglobin

58
Q

What do red blood cells not have that all other cells do have?

A

nucleus - more room for haemoglobin

59
Q

When in the lungs the RBC picks up oxygen what does the haemoglobin become?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

60
Q

White blood cells function is..?

A

defence against disease

61
Q

Phagocytosis is

A

the engulfing of pathogens by WBC

62
Q

WBC produce this protein molecule that is specific to the antigen on a pathgen?

A

antibodies

63
Q

what other chemical do WBC produce that neutralises toxins?

A

anti-toxins

64
Q

Which chemical produced by WBC destroys the pathogen - antitoxins or antibodies?

A

antibodies

65
Q

Small fragments of cells are called

A

platelets

66
Q

Do platelets have a nucleus?

A

no - so they are like RBC`

67
Q

The role pf platelets is?

A

blood clotting

68
Q

Lack of platelets would cause…?

A

bleeding and bruising

69
Q

What colour is plasma

A

yellow straw colour

70
Q

Other than special cells what else is carried in the plasma?

A

carbon dioxide urea glucose amino acids hormones proteins antibodies and antitoxins

71
Q

This piece of medical equipment widens arteries and keeps arteries open to allow more blood to flow

A

stents

72
Q

Coronary heart disease is when

A

coronary arteries that supply the heart get blocked

73
Q

A blockage in a coronary will cause the cells in that part of the heart to die (heart attack) - why?

A

lack of blood carrying oxygen and glucose (so no respiration)

74
Q

Lack of oxygen to heart muscles causes a

A

heart attack

75
Q

Patients can develop blood clots from stents - these blood clots are called

A

thrombosis

76
Q

Where is cholesterol produced?

A

liver

77
Q

Too much cholesterol is bad? true or false

A

true

78
Q

What happens to the excess cholesterol in the blood?

A

gets deposited on artery wall

79
Q

Cholesterol is carried in the b…

A

blood

80
Q

Name the drug that helps to lower blood cholesterol

A

statins

81
Q

What organ do the statins act on?

A

liver

82
Q

Faulty valves can be replaced with one of two types of valves…

A

biological (pigs) or mechanical (man-made)

83
Q

What might cause valves in the heart to become faulty?

A

old age infection heart attacks

84
Q

If someone has a faulty heart, what are the options?

A

heart transplant or an artificial heart

85
Q

Is an artificial heart a permanent solution?

A

no

86
Q

What are the problems with heart transplants?

A

major risk of surgery - bleeding heart could be rejected have to take suppressant drugs

87
Q

What are the advantages to artificial hearts?

A

no risk of major surgery no risk of rejection

88
Q

What are the problems with artificial hearts?

A

electric motor could fail blood doesn’t flow smoothly through = blood clots risk of strokes patients have to take drugs to thin blood

89
Q

Advantages of heart transplant

A

saves a life

90
Q

Fill in the missing label

A

aorta

91
Q

Fill in the missing label

A

left ventricle

92
Q

Fill in the missing label

A

pulmonary artery

93
Q

Fill in the missing label

A

pulmonary vein

94
Q

Fill in the missing label

A

right atrium

95
Q

Name the part of the blood vessel the blood flows through

A

Lumen

96
Q

What does the lumen get layered with in a diseased artery?

A

cholesterol

97
Q

Name the cell

A

red blood cell

98
Q

name the blood cell in the middle

A

white blood cell

99
Q

name the blood cell on the right

A

platelet

100
Q

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A
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11B1 - AQA Biology Trilogy (24 decks)

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