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11B1 - AQA Biology Trilogy > Unit 4.1.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Unit 4.1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

animal and plant cells are examples of E..

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Eukaryotes are complex organisms often described as M

A

Multicellular

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3
Q

Bacterial cells are P…

A

prokaryotes

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4
Q

Prokaryotic cells do not have…

A

a nucleus or mitochondria

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5
Q

prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells are

A

smaller, single celled, have rings of DNA called plasmids

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6
Q

Groups of bacterial cells are called

A

colonies

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7
Q

What does an animal cell not have that a plant cell has?

A

cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts

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8
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

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9
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Controls the cells activities and contains the genetic material (DNA)

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10
Q

Function of the cell wall

A

Provides support to the plant, made of cellulose

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11
Q

Function of bacterial plasmids

A

provide bacteria with variation - usually conferring antibiotic resistance

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12
Q

Function of the ribosomes

A

protein synthesis - its a very small organelle

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13
Q

Function of the mitochondria

A

Site of respiration, energy is released here

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14
Q

Describe the feature of bacterial DNA

A

Circular/loop, not arranged into chromosomes and not found in a nucleus

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15
Q

All eukaryotic cells have

A

a nucleus

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16
Q

An organelle is

A

a part of the cell with a specific function

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17
Q

The cytoplasm

A

is mainly water and is where the chemical reactions occur

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18
Q

Substances move in and out of cells by

A

diffusion

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19
Q

In exchange of materials between cells and their environment, substances must cross the

A

cell membrane

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20
Q

All our cells require

A

glucose and oxygen

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21
Q

All our cells carry out a process called R…

A

respiration

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22
Q

We can view cells using a

A

light microscope

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23
Q

Respiration is

A

is a chemical reaction that occurs inside all your cells to release energy

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24
Q

DNA in eukaryotic cells is arranged into C…

A

chromosomes

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25
Plants have chloroplasts because
they need to photosynthesise
26
The function of the chloroplasts are
to trap light energy for photosynthesis
27
Photosynthesis is
when plants trap light energy and react carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen
28
The colour of chlorophyll is
green
29
chlorophyll is found in the
chloroplast
30
cell wall is made of
cellulose
31
To prepare a cell for viewing you need
a glass slide, cover slip and a stain
32
The specimen when viewing under the microscope needs to be thin because
it needs to allow light to pass through it
33
Specialised cells
have a specific shape because they have a specific fucnction
34
A cell becomes a specialised cell because it has d...
differentiated
35
A source of undifferentiated cells are
stem cells
36
Examples of specialised animal cells
red blood cells, sperm cells, nerve cell, muscle cell
37
Examples of specialised plant cells are
root hair cell, palisade cells, xylem cell, phloem cell
38
Sperms are adapted because
they have a tail to swim and are packed with mitochondria
39
Red blood cells are adapted because
they have no nucleus so that they can carry more oxygen, They also have haemoglobin which carries the oxygen
40
Nerve cells are adapted because
they are long and insulated for carrying messages all over the body
41
Muscles cells are adapted because they
have many mitochondria in order to allow the muscle to contract and relax
42
Root hair cells are adapted because they
have a long thin projections which increase their surface area for absorption of water and ions from the soil
43
Xylem cells function is
to carry water and dissolved mineral ions around the plant from the roots
44
Plants lose water from their leaves in a process called
transpiration
45
Describe how xylem cells are arranged
Made of dead cells, organised into tubes and that are hollow. Side walls reinforced with lignin
46
Function of phloem in the plant
to carry sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaves all over the plant
47
Describe how phloem cells are arranged
Phloem cells are living, contain few organelles and their end walls have small holes in them
48
What term is used to describe how sugar is moved around the plant
translocation
49
Magnification is
how much bigger the object appears under the microscope
50
How do you calculate total magnification
magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens
51
Why does the specimen have stain placed upon it before covering with a cover-slip?
to stain the cell organelles so that we can view it better under the microscope
52
Name the two types of microscopes
light and electron microscope
53
Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because
they have a greater magnification and resolution
54
Resolution is
the ability to distinguish two points as separate
55
1mm is equal to how many um
1000um
56
1m is equal to how many mm
1000mm
57
If a cell is actually 60um and the image is 45000um , what is the magnification?
45000/60 = x750
58
if a cell is 50um and the image is 25mm what is the magnification?
25,000/50 = x500
59
How many nm in 1mm
1000,000nm
60
How many um in 1000nm
1um
61
cell wall is made of
cellulose
62
green pigment in the chloroplast is called
chlorophyll
63
Function of the chlorophyll
absorb sunlight
64
Prokaryotes like bacteria are
single celled organisms
65
Building blocks of life are called
cells
66
Bacterial cell and a plant cell BOTH have
cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm
67
small rings of DNA in a bacterial cell are called
plasmids
68
The job of a microscope is to
magnify the object
69
Ability to distinguish as 2 points as separate is called
resolution
70
electron microscopes use
electrons
71
light microscopes use
light
72
Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because...
they allow you to see much smaller things in more detail e.g. mitochondria
73
The higher the resolution, what happens to the image?
its sharper
74
0.017 written in standard form is
1.7 x 10-2
75
12000 written in standard from is
1.2 x 104
76
A specimen that is 50um wide is magnified 100x, how much bigger is the specimen now?
5000um = 5mm
77
Why should you avoid air bubbles when preparing a glass slide for viewing?
obstructs view of specimen
78
What is a specimen?
the cells you are looking at
79
Why do you stain the cells you are viewing under a microscope?
stains highlight objects within the cell by adding colour to them
80
Muscles are specialised to allow for c...
contraction
81
Sperms cells are important for r...
reproduction
82
Function of phloem cells
to carry sugars around the plant
83
Nerves cells are specialised to ...
carry electrical impulses around the body
84
Which label shows the chloroplast?
E
85
What is B pointing to in the cell?
cytoplasm
86
Which part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell?
A
87
Which label controls the cell activities?
C - nucleus
88
Which label gives the plant cell its stength and support and is made of cellulose?
D cell wall
89
Which label in the plant cell stores cell sap?
F -vacuole
90
Fill in the missing label on the bacterial cell
plasmid
91
Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle
magnification
92
Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle
image size
93
Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle
real/actual size
94
name the cell
nerve cell
95
name the cell
muscle cell
96
name the cell
root hair cell
97
Name the cells that make up the tubes on the left
Xylem
98
Name the cells that make up the tubes on the right
phloem

11B1 - AQA Biology Trilogy (24 decks)

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