Unit 4.1 - Sexual reproduction in humans (physicsandmathstutorflashcards)
what is the function of the ovaries
produce egg cells in follicles
what is the function of fallopian tubes
transports an egg cell from ovary to uterus
what is the function of the uterus
where embryo develops
what is the function of the cervix
sparates uterus from vagina, protects fetus
what is the function of the vagina
leads from cervix to outside of the body
what is the function of the testes
production of sperm cells and testosterone
what is the function of vas deferens
carry sperm from testes to urethra
what is the function of the prostate gland
secretes alkaline fluid to counteract vaginal acidity
what is the function of the urethra
allows excretion of urine and semen from the body
what is the function of seminal vesicle
secretes fluid (proteins+fructose) to nourish sperm
what is the function of the penis
penetrates vagina, releases sperm
what is the function of epididymis
stores sperm
what is the function of the scrotum
holds and maintains an optimum temperature for testes
how does the human body produce gametes
via gametogenesis
name the two types of gametogenesis
- spermatogenesis
- oogenesis
what is spermatogenesis
gametogenesis in males which results in the production of spermatazoa
where does spermatogenesis take place
seminiferous tubules
outline the stages of spermatogenesis
- spermatogonia
- primary spermatocytes
- secondary spermatocytes
- spermatids
- four spermatozoa
what is the germinal epithelium
surface layer of cells surrounding the ovaries and testicles that is involved in gametogenesis
how do primary spermatocytes form
- germinal epithelium cells divide by mitosis = spermatogonium (2n)
- many mitosis of spermatogonia = primary spermatocyte
how are primary spermatids formed
- primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis1 = (1n) secondary spermatocytes
- secondary spermatocytes divide by meiosis2 = four (1n) spermatids
how do spermatozoa form
spermatids differentiated to gain flagellum, acrosome + mitochondria
what are 3 types of cells within the testes
- spermatogonia
- sertoli cells
- interstitial/leydig cells
what are interstitial/leydig cells
- cells adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testes
- secrete testosterone
what are sertoli cells
- cells located in seminiferous tubules in testes
- provide nourishment and protection to cells produced during spermatogenesis
what are the 4 main components of a mature sperm cell
- acrosome
- flagellum
- nucleus
- many mitochondria
what is the function of the acrosome in the mature sperm cell
contains digestive enzymes which break down the zona pellucida of the egg
what is the function of the flangellum in the mature sperm cell
for propulsion and movement
