Unit 4.1 - Sexual reproduction in humans (physicsandmathstutorflashcards)

Question 1

what is the function of the ovaries

Answer 1

produce egg cells in follicles

Question 2

what is the function of fallopian tubes

Answer 2

transports an egg cell from ovary to uterus

Question 3

what is the function of the uterus

Answer 3

where embryo develops

Question 4

what is the function of the cervix

Answer 4

sparates uterus from vagina, protects fetus

Question 5

what is the function of the vagina

Answer 5

leads from cervix to outside of the body

Question 6

what is the function of the testes

Answer 6

production of sperm cells and testosterone

Question 7

what is the function of vas deferens

Answer 7

carry sperm from testes to urethra

Question 8

what is the function of the prostate gland

Answer 8

secretes alkaline fluid to counteract vaginal acidity

Question 9

what is the function of the urethra

Answer 9

allows excretion of urine and semen from the body

Question 10

what is the function of seminal vesicle

Answer 10

secretes fluid (proteins+fructose) to nourish sperm

Question 11

what is the function of the penis

Answer 11

penetrates vagina, releases sperm

Question 12

what is the function of epididymis

Answer 12

stores sperm

Question 13

what is the function of the scrotum

Answer 13

holds and maintains an optimum temperature for testes

Question 14

how does the human body produce gametes

Answer 14

via gametogenesis

Question 15

name the two types of gametogenesis

Answer 15

• spermatogenesis
• oogenesis

Question 16

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 16

gametogenesis in males which results in the production of spermatazoa

Question 17

where does spermatogenesis take place

Answer 17

seminiferous tubules

Question 18

outline the stages of spermatogenesis

Answer 18

1. spermatogonia
2. primary spermatocytes
3. secondary spermatocytes
4. spermatids
5. four spermatozoa

Question 19

what is the germinal epithelium

Answer 19

surface layer of cells surrounding the ovaries and testicles that is involved in gametogenesis

Question 20

how do primary spermatocytes form

Answer 20

• germinal epithelium cells divide by mitosis = spermatogonium (2n)
• many mitosis of spermatogonia = primary spermatocyte

Question 21

how are primary spermatids formed

Answer 21

• primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis1 = (1n) secondary spermatocytes
• secondary spermatocytes divide by meiosis2 = four (1n) spermatids

Question 22

how do spermatozoa form

Answer 22

spermatids differentiated to gain flagellum, acrosome + mitochondria

Question 23

what are 3 types of cells within the testes

Answer 23

• spermatogonia
• sertoli cells
• interstitial/leydig cells

Question 24

what are interstitial/leydig cells

Answer 24

• cells adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testes
• secrete testosterone

Question 25

what are sertoli cells

Answer 25

• cells located in seminiferous tubules in testes
• provide nourishment and protection to cells produced during spermatogenesis

Question 26

what are the 4 main components of a mature sperm cell

Answer 26

• acrosome
• flagellum
• nucleus
• many mitochondria

Question 27

what is the function of the acrosome in the mature sperm cell

Answer 27

contains digestive enzymes which break down the zona pellucida of the egg

Question 28

what is the function of the flangellum in the mature sperm cell

Answer 28

for propulsion and movement