Unit 4 - Option C - Neurobiology(Part1)A Flashcards
what are the 3 main regions of the brain
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
what is the function of the medulla oblongata
controls heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure
- contains centres of the ANS
what is the function of the cerebellum
maintenance of posture, coordination of voluntary muscular activity(writing)
what is the function of the midbrain
contains nerve fibres, linking forebrain to hindbrain
what are the parts of the hindbrain
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
what are the parts of the forebrain
hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebrum
what is the function of the cerebrum
controls the body voluntary behaviour
- learning
- reasoning
- personality
- memory
what is the function of the hypothalamus
- regulating body temp, blood solute conc, thirst, hunger, sleep
- main controlling region of ANS
what is the function of the pituitary gland
provides link between endocrine systems and brain
what is the function of the thalamus
relay centre. sends and receives information to and from the cerebral cortex
what are the parts of the limbic system
hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus
what the does ANS do
controls automatic processes. heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure, digestion, temp regulation
what are the 2 parts of the ANS
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
what effect does the sympathetic NS have
excitatory effects
examples of excitatory effects
increased heart rate + ventilation rate
what effect does the parasympathetic NS have
inhibitory
examples of inhibitory effects
decreased heart rate + ventilation rate
what is the neurotransmitter in sympathetic NS
noradrenaline
what is the neurotransmitter in parasympathetic NS
acetylcholine
how thick is the cortex
2mm-3mm
why is the cortex highly folded
to increase amount of area available for processing information
what is the cortex responsible for
most conscious thoughts and actions
what is the cortex composed of
gray matter + many cell bodies
where is white matter found
inner area of cerebrum
what are the 4 structural regions in each cerebral hemisphere
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
what occurs in the frontal lobe
reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement
emotions + problem solving
what occurs in the parietal lobe
somatosensory functions + taste
what occurs in the occipital lobe
vision
what occurs in the temporal lobe
language, learning and memory
what are the 3 discrete functional areas of the cerebral cortex
- sensory
- motor
- association
what happens at sensory areas
receive nerve impulses from receptors in the body
what happens at motor areas
send nerve impulses to to appropriate effectors
what happens at association areas
responsible for initiating appropriate responses which are passed to relevant motor areas
what does the sensory homunculus represent
shows the relationship between the nerve supply of the different parts of the body and size of the region of the cerebrum responsible for it
what are the 2 main areas for speech in the brain
- wernicke’s area(association)
- broca’s area(motor)
what is wernicke’s area responsible for
interpreting both written + spoken language
how does brocas area work
motor neurones innervate muscles of mouth, diaphragm and intercostal muscles to produce sound.
what links the wernickes and brocas area
a bundle of nerve fibres = the arculate fisciculus link the 2 areas
what is the function of the hippocampus
involved with learning, reasoning, personality, consolidating memories into a permanent store
