Unit 4 - Option C - Neurobiology(Part1)A

Question 1

what are the 3 main regions of the brain

Answer 1

• forebrain
• midbrain
• hindbrain

Question 2

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 2

controls heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure
- contains centres of the ANS

Question 2

what is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 2

maintenance of posture, coordination of voluntary muscular activity(writing)

Question 2

what is the function of the midbrain

Answer 2

contains nerve fibres, linking forebrain to hindbrain

Question 3

what are the parts of the hindbrain

Answer 3

medulla oblongata
cerebellum

Question 4

what are the parts of the forebrain

Answer 4

hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebrum

Question 5

what is the function of the cerebrum

Answer 5

controls the body voluntary behaviour
- learning
- reasoning
- personality
- memory

Question 6

what is the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 6

• regulating body temp, blood solute conc, thirst, hunger, sleep
• main controlling region of ANS

Question 7

what is the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 7

provides link between endocrine systems and brain

Question 8

what is the function of the thalamus

Answer 8

relay centre. sends and receives information to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 9

what are the parts of the limbic system

Answer 9

hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus

Question 10

what the does ANS do

Answer 10

controls automatic processes. heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure, digestion, temp regulation

Question 11

what are the 2 parts of the ANS

Answer 11

• sympathetic
• parasympathetic

Question 12

what effect does the sympathetic NS have

Answer 12

excitatory effects

Question 13

examples of excitatory effects

Answer 13

increased heart rate + ventilation rate

Question 14

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have

Answer 14

inhibitory

Question 15

examples of inhibitory effects

Answer 15

decreased heart rate + ventilation rate

Question 16

what is the neurotransmitter in sympathetic NS

Answer 16

noradrenaline

Question 17

what is the neurotransmitter in parasympathetic NS

Answer 17

acetylcholine

Question 18

how thick is the cortex

Answer 18

2mm-3mm

Question 19

why is the cortex highly folded

Answer 19

to increase amount of area available for processing information

Question 20

what is the cortex responsible for

Answer 20

most conscious thoughts and actions

Question 21

what is the cortex composed of

Answer 21

gray matter + many cell bodies

Question 22

where is white matter found

Answer 22

inner area of cerebrum

Question 23

what are the 4 structural regions in each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 23

frontal lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe

Question 24

what occurs in the frontal lobe

Answer 24

reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement emotions + problem solving

Question 25

what occurs in the parietal lobe

Answer 25

somatosensory functions + taste

Question 26

what occurs in the occipital lobe

Answer 26

vision

Question 27

what occurs in the temporal lobe

Answer 27

language, learning and memory

Question 28

what are the 3 discrete functional areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 28

- sensory - motor - association

Question 29

what happens at sensory areas

Answer 29

receive nerve impulses from receptors in the body

Question 30

what happens at motor areas

Answer 30

send nerve impulses to to appropriate effectors

Question 31

what happens at association areas

Answer 31

responsible for initiating appropriate responses which are passed to relevant motor areas

Question 32

what does the sensory homunculus represent

Answer 32

shows the relationship between the nerve supply of the different parts of the body and size of the region of the cerebrum responsible for it

Question 33

what are the 2 main areas for speech in the brain

Answer 33

- wernicke's area(association) - broca's area(motor)

Question 34

what is wernicke's area responsible for

Answer 34

interpreting both written + spoken language

Question 35

how does brocas area work

Answer 35

motor neurones innervate muscles of mouth, diaphragm and intercostal muscles to produce sound.

Question 36

what links the wernickes and brocas area

Answer 36

a bundle of nerve fibres = the arculate fisciculus link the 2 areas

Question 37

what is the function of the hippocampus

Answer 37

involved with learning, reasoning, personality, consolidating memories into a permanent store