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WJEC Biology A-Level > Unit 4 - Option C - Neurobiology(Part1)A > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Option C - Neurobiology(Part1)A Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 main regions of the brain

A
  • forebrain
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
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2
Q

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

A

controls heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure
- contains centres of the ANS

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2
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

maintenance of posture, coordination of voluntary muscular activity(writing)

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2
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A

contains nerve fibres, linking forebrain to hindbrain

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3
Q

what are the parts of the hindbrain

A

medulla oblongata
cerebellum

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4
Q

what are the parts of the forebrain

A

hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebrum

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5
Q

what is the function of the cerebrum

A

controls the body voluntary behaviour
- learning
- reasoning
- personality
- memory

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6
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A
  • regulating body temp, blood solute conc, thirst, hunger, sleep
  • main controlling region of ANS
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7
Q

what is the function of the pituitary gland

A

provides link between endocrine systems and brain

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8
Q

what is the function of the thalamus

A

relay centre. sends and receives information to and from the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

what are the parts of the limbic system

A

hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus

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10
Q

what the does ANS do

A

controls automatic processes. heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure, digestion, temp regulation

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11
Q

what are the 2 parts of the ANS

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
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12
Q

what effect does the sympathetic NS have

A

excitatory effects

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13
Q

examples of excitatory effects

A

increased heart rate + ventilation rate

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14
Q

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have

A

inhibitory

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15
Q

examples of inhibitory effects

A

decreased heart rate + ventilation rate

16
Q

what is the neurotransmitter in sympathetic NS

A

noradrenaline

17
Q

what is the neurotransmitter in parasympathetic NS

A

acetylcholine

18
Q

how thick is the cortex

A

2mm-3mm

19
Q

why is the cortex highly folded

A

to increase amount of area available for processing information

20
Q

what is the cortex responsible for

A

most conscious thoughts and actions

21
Q

what is the cortex composed of

A

gray matter + many cell bodies

22
Q

where is white matter found

A

inner area of cerebrum

23
Q

what are the 4 structural regions in each cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

24
Q

what occurs in the frontal lobe

A

reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement
emotions + problem solving

25
Q

what occurs in the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory functions + taste

26
Q

what occurs in the occipital lobe

A

vision

27
Q

what occurs in the temporal lobe

A

language, learning and memory

28
Q

what are the 3 discrete functional areas of the cerebral cortex

A
  • sensory
  • motor
  • association
29
Q

what happens at sensory areas

A

receive nerve impulses from receptors in the body

30
Q

what happens at motor areas

A

send nerve impulses to to appropriate effectors

31
Q

what happens at association areas

A

responsible for initiating appropriate responses which are passed to relevant motor areas

32
Q

what does the sensory homunculus represent

A

shows the relationship between the nerve supply of the different parts of the body and size of the region of the cerebrum responsible for it

33
Q

what are the 2 main areas for speech in the brain

A
  • wernicke’s area(association)
  • broca’s area(motor)
34
Q

what is wernicke’s area responsible for

A

interpreting both written + spoken language

35
Q

how does brocas area work

A

motor neurones innervate muscles of mouth, diaphragm and intercostal muscles to produce sound.

36
Q

what links the wernickes and brocas area

A

a bundle of nerve fibres = the arculate fisciculus link the 2 areas

37
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus

A

involved with learning, reasoning, personality, consolidating memories into a permanent store

38
Q
A

WJEC Biology A-Level (14 decks)

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