[Unit 4.1] DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Question 1

define “genes”

Answer 1

section of DNA located on a locus that codes for amino acid sequence of polypeptide

Question 2

define “chromosome”

Answer 2

long strand of DNA carrying all the genes

Question 3

define “locus”

Answer 3

position of gene on a choromosome

Question 4

define “genome”

Answer 4

all the genetic information in an organism

Question 5

define “proteome”

Answer 5

full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 6

define “allele”

Answer 6

different forms of the same gene

Question 7

define “exon”

Answer 7

coding sections of DNA that leave the nucleus (as mRNA)

Question 8

define “introns”

Answer 8

non coding sections of DNA that stay inside the nucleus

Question 9

what are the differences between DNA structure in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

Euk:
-many chromosomes
-linear
-nuclear membrane
-wrapped around histone proteins
-no plasmids
-DNA in mitochondria/chloroplast
-Double stranded

Pro:
-single chromosome
-circular
-no nuclear membrane
-not associated with histone proteins
-DNA in plasmids
-No mitochondria/chloroplasts
-Double stranded