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MSK 1 -HALEY > UNIT 4: Wk2 > Flashcards

UNIT 4: Wk2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Progressive, systemic, inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting primarily synovial joints, although heart muscle and lungs may be involved

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2
Q

Radiologic features of RA

A

Soft tissue changes
Articular erosions
Osteoporosis
Joint deformities

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3
Q

The typical RA deformities in hand

A

Swan neck : distal IP joint
Boutonnières deformity : proximal IP joint

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4
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

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5
Q

Radiologic features of OA

A

Joint space narrowing, asymmetrical
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteophyte formation
Pseudocysts
Temporary joint effusions

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6
Q

Radiologic characteristics of osteoporosis

A

Cortical thinning
Loss of trabeculae
Fractures

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7
Q

T score of 0 =

A

= bone density is equal to that of a healthy young adult

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8
Q

T score of -1 to +1 means

A

Normal bone density

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9
Q

Z score

A

A comparison of a persons bone density with that of an average person of the same agent sex

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10
Q

Fracture

A

a break in the structural continuity of bone; occur in predictable patterns determined by viscoelastic properties and biomechanics of load

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11
Q

most common type of epipheseal fracture

A

type II - growth plate and metaphasis

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12
Q

What is the purpose of search pattern

A

Describes the methodology of looking at an image in an organized fashion

Helps ensure that everything possible to see has been accounted for

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13
Q

What is that ABCS search pattern

A

Alignment
Bone density
Cartilage
Soft tissue

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14
Q

What items are considered when performing search A?

A

Skeletal architecture, contour of bone, alignment of bones to another

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15
Q

What items are considered when performing search B?

A

Bone density, textural abnormalities, local bone density changes in areas of stress

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16
Q

What items are considered when performing search C?

A

Normal joint space width with proper disc thickness, subchondral, bone (smooth surface), epiphyseal plates

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17
Q

What items are considered when performing search S?

A

Muscles, fat pads, joint capsules, periosteum

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18
Q

PRACTICE DOING ABCS ON A FILM

A

Look some up or watch the lecture again… review that quiz

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19
Q

Categories of skeletal pathology

A

Congenital
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Metabolic
Traumatic
Vascular
Misc.

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20
Q

How are skeletal pathologies described in terms of location?

A

Monostotic: 1 bone
Monoarticular: 1 joint

Polystotic: many joints
Polyarticular: many joints

Diffuse: nearly all bones/joints

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21
Q

Characteristics seen on films of OSTEOPOROSIS

A

Cortical thinning

Loss of trabeculae

Fractures

22
Q

Characteristics seen on films of Osteomyelitis infection

A

Soft tissue swelling

Loss of tissue planes

Draining sinus tracts

Sequestration and involucra

23
Q

Characteristics seen on films of infectious ARTHRITIS

A

Soft tissue swelling

Periarticular rarefaction

Joint space narrowing

Subchondral erosion

Joint effusion

24
Q

Characteristics seen on films of infectious CELLULITIS

A

Soft tissue swelling
Radiolucent streaks or bubbles representing GAS GANGRENE

25
Q

Characteristics seen on films of TUMORS

A

BENIGN: narrowing zone of transition, well defined margins

MALIGNANT: poorly defined margins

26
Q

RA or OA: bilateral involvement of hands, wrists, feet, elbow, knees, hips

A

RA

27
Q

RA or OA: unilateral involvement of synovial or cartilaginous joints of spine, hips, knees, first Mets, and phalanges

A

OA

28
Q

RA or OA: swan neck or boutonnier deformities common

A

RA

29
Q

RA or OA: nodes at DIP and PIPs, valgus/varus at knee

A

OA

30
Q

RA or OA: which one has generalized osteoporosis in its later stages?

A

RA

31
Q

RA or OA: which one has symmetrical joint space? Which one is asymmetrical?

A

Symmetrical RA

Asymmetrical OA

32
Q

Define a fracture

A

A break in the structural continuity of bone or cartilage

33
Q

7 elements used to describe a fracture

A
  1. Anatomic site and extent
  2. Type of fracture
  3. Alignment
  4. Direction of fracture line
  5. Presence of special features (avulsion)
  6. Associated abnormalities (dislocation)
  7. Secondary fractures that may occur (stress or pathological)
34
Q

How is fracture location described in the peds population?

A

Described by region of development (diaphyseal, metaphyseal, physeal, epiphyseal)

35
Q

Diaphyseal

A

Involves the central shaft

36
Q

Metaphyseal

A

Involves the expanding end

37
Q

Physeal:

A

involves the epiphyseal growth plate

38
Q

Epiphyseal

A

Involves the epiphysis

39
Q

Incomplete green stick fracture:

A

The shaft is fractured on the tension side whereas the Cortex and periosteum remain intact on the compression side

40
Q

Is a torus fracture complete or incomplete

A

Incomplete

41
Q

Torus fracture

A

An impaction fracture that results in buckling of the cortex

42
Q

Is plastic bowing fracture complete or incomplete fracture

A

Incomplete

43
Q

Plastic bowing fracture

A

Even when the force is removed, the bone remains bowed

44
Q

What are the two approaches to fracture management?

A

Reduction- returning fragments to normal anatomical position

Fixation - maintaining fracture fragments in position after reduction to achieve healing

45
Q

What are the two methods of reduction?

A

Open: surgically exposed site when closed reduction fails

Closed: fragments are physically guided into position by manipulation/traction

46
Q

What are the two types of fixation?

A

Internal - screws, plates, pins, wires

External- cast immobilization/splint

47
Q

Creeping substitution

A

Fractures may heal by formation of callus or by direct osteoblastic activity

48
Q

Late effect during the process of fracture healing

A

Complex regional pain syndrome and bone length discrepancy

49
Q

What are commonly missed fractures on radiographs

A

Spine: C1/C2, C6/C7

UE: scaphoid and radial head

LE: femoral neck, patella, calcaneis

50
Q

How do you treat a patient if it seems like there’s a fracture, but radiographs come back normal?

A

Treat as if there is a fracture with immobilization and re radiographs in 1-2 weeks to verify

51
Q

What is an eponym?

A

Convenient type of orthopedic shorthand used to describe orthopedic trauma

Avoided due to anatomic in exactness

MSK 1 -HALEY (6 decks)

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