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Bio 221 - Ecology & Evolution > Unit 4 - vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 4 - vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organisms that feed on dead, organic matter

A

Detritivores

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2
Q

Organisms that feeds on plants and algae

A

Herbivores

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3
Q

Organisms that feed on other animals

A

Carnivores

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4
Q

Organisms that feed on a combo of plants/animals/archaea/bacteria

A

Omnivores

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5
Q

Animals that capture food by filtering out particles floating in the water or drifting through the air

A

Suspension (filter) feeders

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6
Q

Animals that ingest organic material that has been deposited within a substrate or on its surface

A

Deposit feeders

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7
Q

Animals that suck or mop up liquids such as nectar/plant sap/blood/fruit juice

A

Fluid feeders

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8
Q

Animals that take chunks of food into their mouths

A

Mass feeders

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9
Q

Features found on sponges that provide structural support

A

Spicules

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10
Q

Named for embryonic development of the mouth before the anus, but many patterns of development occur

A

Protostomes

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11
Q

Embryonic development of the anus before the mouth

A

Deuterostomes

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12
Q

Specialized structure that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding

A

Lophophore

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13
Q

A type of larvae with a ring of cilia around its middle, which allows for swimming and sometimes feeding

A

Trochophore

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14
Q

Rotifera

A

Rotifers

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15
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

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16
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms

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17
Q

Mollusca

A

Mollusks

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18
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms

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19
Q

Tardigrada

A

Water beras

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20
Q

Arthropoda

A

Arthropods

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21
Q

Large muscle located at the base of the animal and used in movement

A

Foot

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22
Q

Region containing the main organ systems

A

Visceral Mass

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23
Q

Outgrown of the body wall that covers the visceral mass, forming an enclosure called the mantle cavity (may secrete a hard calcium carbonate shell)

A

Mantle

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24
Q

Feeding structure in the mouth, which functions as a rasp or file

A

Radula

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25
Q

Organized into prominent regions (tagmata)

A

Segmented body

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26
Q

Made primarily of chitin, strengthened by calcium carbonate in crustaceans

A

Exoskeletons

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27
Q

Enable rigid body to move; organized in pairs along the segmented body

A

Jointed appendages

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28
Q

Hard calcium carbonate structure inside a thin layer of epidermal tissue; protects and supports body

A

Endoskeleton

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29
Q

Series of branching, fluid-filled tubes and chambers

A

Water vascular system

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30
Q

Elongated, fluid-filled appendages; consists of ampulla (inside body) and podium (projecting outside body)

A

Tube feed

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31
Q

Openings or pouches in the throat

A

Pharyngeal slits or pouches

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32
Q

Composed of projections from neurons & runs the length of the body

A

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

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33
Q

Stiff and supportive flexible rod
Runs the length of the body

A

Notochord

34
Q

Muscular tail that extends past the anus

A

Post-anal tail

35
Q

Column of cartilaginous or bony structures, which form along the dorsal side of the body

A

Vertebrates

36
Q

Body, cartilaginous, or fibrous case that encloses the brain

A

Cranium

37
Q

Strong but flexible tissue that consist of scattered cells in a gel-like matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers

A

Cartilage

38
Q

Dense tissue consisting of cells and blood vessels encased in a matrix made primarily of calcium phosphate, along with a small amount of protein fibers

A

Bone

39
Q

An organism’s physical structure (or form)

A

Anatomy

40
Q

How the physical structure in an organism function

A

Physiology

41
Q

Heritable traits that can make individuals more likely to survive and reproduce in a certain environment than individuals that lack those traits

A

Adaptations

42
Q

Throats

A

pharyngeal jaws

43
Q

Mouth

A

oral jaws

44
Q

Facilitate the digestion of cellulose by symbiotic organism

A

Ruminant stomachs

45
Q

A reservoir just past the esophagus that stores and moistens food, allows animals to delay food processing until a time when the animal is in a safe place

A

Crop

46
Q

A muscular compartment that grinds food

A

Gizzard

47
Q

Stability in the chemical and physical conditions within an organism’s cells, tissues, and organs

A

Homeostasis

48
Q

Actively maintains relatively constant internal conditions even when the environment fluctuates

A

Regulator

49
Q

Internal conditions change as the environment fluctuates

A

Conformer

50
Q

Regulation of temperature

A

Thermoregulation

51
Q

Exchange of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as light or infrared (heat) waves

A

Radiation

52
Q

Process in which heat is transferred when liquid water turns into a gas (water vapor)

A

Evaporation

53
Q

Transfer of heat between two objects that are in contact with each other

A

Conduction

54
Q

Heat transfer caused by the movement of air or liquid over a surface

A

Convection

55
Q

Produces adequate heat to warm its own tissues

A

Endotherm

56
Q

Relies primarily on heat gained from the environment

A

Ectotherm

57
Q

Keeps body temperature constant

A

Homeotherm

58
Q

Allows body temperature to rise or fall depending on environmental conditions

A

Poikilotherm

59
Q

All the populations of different species that interact in a certain area

A

Community

60
Q

The community of interacting species present in a region, along with abiotic components

A

Ecosystem

61
Q

An organism that can synthesize its own food from inorganic sources (autotrophs)

A

Primary producer

62
Q

Energy can not be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred or transformed

A

Law of conservation of energy

63
Q

The total amount of chemical energy produced in a given area and time period

A

Gross primary production (GPP)

64
Q

Use of chemical energy to produce ATP

A

Cellular respiration

65
Q

Energy invested by primary producers in building new tissue or offspring; represents the total amount of chemical potential energy that is stored in organic material (biomass)

A

Net primary productivity

66
Q

Organisms that obtain energy from the same type of source

A

Trophic level

67
Q

Combination of food chain

A

Food web

68
Q

A large vertical main root of a plant’s root system that grows directly downward

A

Taproot system

69
Q

System in which no root is more prominent than the others

A

Fibrous root system

70
Q

The ability of individual genotypes to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions

A

Phenotypic plasticity

71
Q

The ability plants have where they can grow throughout their lives

A

Indeterminate growth

72
Q

Populations of undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to undergo mitosis?

A

Meristems

73
Q

Increase in length of shoots and roots

A

Primary growth

74
Q

Increase in width of shoots and roots

A

Secondary growth

75
Q

The evolution of a head (or anterior region) where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information in concentration

A

Cephalization

75
Q

A fluid filled cavity

A

Coelom

75
Q

Enclosed body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

A

Coelomates

76
Q

No enclosed body cavity

A

Acoelomates

77
Q

Enclosed body cavity partially lined with mesoderm

A

Pseudocoelomates

78
Q
A

Bio 221 - Ecology & Evolution (7 decks)

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