unit 4 vocab

Question 1

Widely shared political beliefs and values held by citizens of a society. For example: individual liberty.

Answer 1

political culture

Question 2

The belief that one has a responsibility to be involved in political affairs, such as voting.

Answer 2

civic duty

Question 3

A belief that one’s voice can affect government policies.

Answer 3

political efficacy

Question 4

The idea that each person has significance, worth, and rights that exist independently from the government.

Answer 4

individualism

Question 5

The principle that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed.

Answer 5

equality of opportunity

Question 6

The government is restrained in their lawful use of power and may only exercise those powers assigned to it in the Constitution.

Answer 6

limited government

Question 7

An economic system that is based upon private ownership, individual initiative, profit, and competition.

Answer 7

free enterprise

Question 8

Process by which political views and values are passed on to younger generations.

Answer 8

political socialization

Question 9

Citizens’ attitudes about societal and political issues, leaders, and events.

Answer 9

public opinion

Question 10

a survey of public opinion

Answer 10

poll

Question 11

Method of selecting individuals from a population in which each person has an equal probability of being selected.

Answer 11

random sample

Question 12

The margin of inaccuracy that results from polling a random sample as opposed to the entire population.

Answer 12

sampling error

Question 13

Polls based on interviews conducted on Election Day with randomly selected voters.

Answer 13

exit polls

Question 14

A set of beliefs about the role of government and public policy.

Answer 14

political ideology

Question 15

Ideological view that favors greater government involvement regarding the economy, social welfare, and equality; and a progressive view regarding social values.

Answer 15

liberal

Question 16

Ideological view that favors limited government involvement, fewer economic regulations, and traditional social values.

Answer 16

conservative

Question 17

Ideological view that favors limited government involvement in all areas, from economic regulations to social values.

Answer 17

libertarian

Question 18

The belief that the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation.

Answer 18

keynesian economics

Question 19

The belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will stimulate the economy.

Answer 19

supply side economics

Question 20

Managing the economy by the use of tax and spending laws.

Answer 20

fiscal policy

Question 21

Managing the economy by adjusting the supply of money and interest rates; responsibility of the Federal Reserve.

Answer 21

monetary policy

Question 22

This regulatory commission is the central banking system of the United States.

Answer 22

federal reserve

Question 23

Spending that has been written into law that the government must pay out each year.

Answer 23

mandatory spending

Question 24

Spending not required to pay for interest on the national debt or entitlement programs; can be adjusted from year to year.

Answer 24

discretionary spending

Question 25

The annual shortfall between what the government has spent in one year’s time and what they have collected in taxes.

Answer 25

budget deficit

Question 26

The total amount the U.S. government owes from the foundation of the country to the present.

Answer 26

national debt

Question 27

An excess in revenue after all expenses have been paid in a fiscal year.

Answer 27

surplus

Question 28

Programs individuals are eligible for when they meet certain pre-established eligibility requirements.

Answer 28

entitlements