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ap gov > unit 1 vocab > Flashcards

unit 1 vocab Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

Direct (Participatory) Democracy

A

A government in which the people govern themselves and individually vote on matters of policy

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2
Q

Indirect (Representative) Democracy

A

A model of democracy in which the people are represented by leaders they elected

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3
Q

Elite Democracy

A

Model of democracy in which a small number of people, usually those who are wealthy or have a large share of influence, control political decisions

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4
Q

pluralist view/pluralism

A

the belief that effective public policy is the result of competition among multiple different interests and groups

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5
Q

natural rights

A

rights inherent to all people that are not dependent upon the government

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6
Q

articles of confederation

A

the constitution that administered america’s first government, which was characterized by a loose league of friendship between states and a weak central government

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7
Q

constitutional convention

A

meeting of delegates in 1787 that was initially called to revise the articles of confederation, but ultimately led to the formation of the nation’s current constitution

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8
Q

shay’s rebellion

A

an uprising that brough attention to the weaknesses of the articles of confederation

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9
Q

virginia plan

A

constitutional convention proposal to create a stronger national government with a bicameral legislature

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10
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Constitutional convention proposal that maintained a
unicameral legislature and was preferred by smaller states.

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11
Q

Great Compromise

A

Agreement to have a popularly elected House based on
state population and a state selected Senate, with equal membership for each state

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12
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Agreement that slaves would be counted as three-
fifths of a person for the purposes of representation and taxation

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13
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

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14
Q

Social Contract

A

Agreement in which the government derives their power from the consent of the governed and in exchange, the people agree to limit their rights
and participate in an ordered society.

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15
Q

Federalism

A

System in which power is divided between national and state or local governments

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16
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A collection of essays/articles designed to rally support for the ratification of the Constitution

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17
Q

Faction

A

A group with distinct political interests; highlighted in Federalist #10

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18
Q

Federalists

A

Those citizens who favored a stronger national government and generally supported the ratification of the Constitution

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19
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Those citizens who favored a weaker national government and generally opposed the ratification of the Constitution

20
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Constitutional principle that grants each branch some
ability to limit the authority of the other branches

21
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The Constitutional principle that divides the powers of
government into three distinct branches

22
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

The principle that the authority of the government is
created and sustained by the consent of its people

23
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution

24
Q

Amendment

A

A new addition to the Constitution that has been proposed by Congress and ratified by the states

25
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge
so that reason may be given as to why that person is in custody

26
Q

Limited Government

A

The government is restrained in their lawful use of
power and may only exercise those powers assigned to it in the Constitution

27
Q

Federalism

A

System in which power is divided between national and state or local governments.

28
Q

Enumerated/Expressed Powers

A

Powers written into the Constitution that have been given to the national government.

29
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers given to the state governments alone

30
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared by both the national and state governments

31
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers given to the federal government that have been reasonably inferred from the Constitution

32
Q

“Necessary and proper” clause

A

Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass
all laws essential to carrying out its expressed duties. This provision allows the national government to carry out implied powers

33
Q

Nullification

A

The doctrine that a state can void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution

34
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Constitutional provision that gives the federal government the power to regulate interstate and foreign trade

35
Q

United States v. Lopez

A

Ruling that declared the national government’s power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate
commerce; in this case, banning firearms in a school zone

36
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Ruling that declared the federal government had the power to establish a national bank under the “necessary and proper” clause

37
Q

Unitary System

A

System in which power is centralized in one body. State or regional governments derive authority from the central government

38
Q

Confederal/Confederate System

A

System in which power is held by a loose union of
independent states. The central government is weak in relation to the power of the states

39
Q

initiative

A

process that permits voters to put state legislative measures directly on the ballot

40
Q

Referendum

A

Procedure that allows voters to reject a measure passed by the state legislature

41
Q

Recall

A

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.

42
Q

Federal Revenue Sharing

A

The distribution of a percentage of federal tax income to state and local governments

43
Q

Categorical grants

A

Federal grants given to states for specific purposes, often with strings attached, such as building an airport or a highway

44
Q

Block grants

A

Federal grants given to states for broader purposes, such as healthcare or education

45
Q

Conditions of aid

A

Strings attached by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

46
Q

Mandates

A

Terms set by the national government that states are required to meet whether or not they accept federal grants

47
Q

14th Amendment

A

This constitutional provision provides a guarantee of citizenship, as well as equal protection and due process, which have been the sources of incorporation for key protections in the Bill of Rights

ap gov (7 decks)

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