Unit 4 Topic 1-3 Review Flashcards
Lever
a machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point, changing the amount of force that must be exerted to move an object
Fulcrum
the point of a lever that does not move
Effort force
the force supplied to any machine to produce an action
Load
the weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine, or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome
Effort arm
in a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and the effort
force
Class 1 level
a lever in which the fulcrum is between the effort and
the load
Class 2 level
a lever in which the load is between the fulcrum and the effort
Class 3 level
a lever in which the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load
Inclined plane
a ramp or slope or reducing the force needed to lift something
Work
the transfer of energy through motion
Joules
a unit used to measure energy or work; 1 J = a force of 1 N moving through 1 m
Work input
Work input is work done on a machine to get the desired output. Work output is the amount of desired work that is done by a machine
Work output
In physics, work output is the work done by a simple machine, compound machine, or any type of engine model.
Mechanical advantage
the ratio of the force produced by a machine or system (the load) to the force applied to the machine or system
Speed
the rate of motion, or the rate at which an object changes its position
Ergonomics
the science of designing a home or work environment that best suits the human body in its various dimensions
Carpal tunnel
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments on the palm side of the hand.
syndrome
a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition
Winch
a machine consisting of a small cylinder, a crank or handle, and a cable; used for lifting and pulling
Radius
the distance in a straight line from the center of a circle to the circle’s circumference (outer boundary)
Wheel and Axel
a machine consisting of two turning objects attached to each other at their centers. One object causes the other to turn
Gear
a rotating wheel-like device with teeth around its rim
Gear train
a group of two or more gears that are meshed together
Driving gear( driver)
the main gear that causes other gears to move; also called the driver
Driven gear( follower)
a gear whose movement is caused by a driving gear;
also called follower
Sprocket
a gear with teeth that fit into the links of a chain
Speed ratio
the relationship between the speed of rotations of a smaller gear and a larger gear
Pulley
a wheel with a grooved rim to guide a rope or chain that runs along the groove; used to transmit or change the direction of force
Fixed Pulley
a pulley supported by an attachment to something that does not move, such as a ceiling, wall, or tree
Moveable Bulley
A movable pulley is a pulley that is free to move up and down and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope.
Block and tackle
a combination of fixed and movable pulleys; may be used to lift very heavy or awkward loads
Compound Pulley
a combination of several pulleys working together
Potential energy
stored energy
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion.
Transmission
energy is transferred from one place to another, and no energy is changed or converted.
Efficiency
the ratio of the useful work or energy provided by a
machine or system with the actual work or energy supplied to the machine or system
