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History Final > Unit 4: The Civil War & Reconstruction > Flashcards

Unit 4: The Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards

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1
Q

Fort Sumter:

A
  • 1st fort Invaded by the CSA after secession
  • Was in South Carolina and under USA control⇒ CSA kicking them out to show their dominance and signal the start of the war
  • Before: US held the fort because didn’t recognize CS as a country and just occupied their own bases, which made CS angry
  • AL resupplying when they attacked
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2
Q

Robert E. Lee:

A
  • General of CSA
  • Suicidal strategy for Battle of Gettysburg(Pickett’s Charge) ⇒ him asking to resign
  • Negotiated surrender of CS with Grant
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3
Q

Battle of Chancellorsville:

A
  • Big victory by South when they atk US unprepared
  • 13k US vs <60k CS
  • Led to Stonewall Jackson’s death by own troops
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4
Q

Anaconda Plan:

A
  • Plan by North to cut of South from trade on MS river and in the numerous ports
  • Created by LT. Gnl. Winfield Scott @ war start
  • Used by north throughout war to win
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5
Q

Northern & Southern home fronts:

A
  • North: Increased Economy at Start
    * Quartermaster Department: Gvt. Contracts to manufacturers
    • Increased Immigration
    • Dissent Grew however
  • South: Class Divide with legal draft dodging
    * Became opposite of weak central government
    * created ideology of Southern Nationalism: Own flags, songs, textbooks
    * Twenty Slave Law:
    * 20 slaves⇒ no war co-op
    * sep rich from war and benefits the rich
    • wealthy hording ⇒ hyper inflation
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6
Q

Battle of Vicksburg:

A
  • 2nd major battle of Civil War
  • Crucal taking of MS river by Union to attack anywhere
  • Ended 2 front War
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7
Q

Jefferson Davis:

A
  • President of CSA
  • Classist who was more in touch with the rich and powerful
  • Lost support with commoners ⇒ dissent, desertion, and failure of the South
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8
Q

Copperheads:

A
  • Insulting term for Northerners who didin’t support Union effort
  • Created by Republicans
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9
Q

Battle of Gettysburg:

A
  • Furthest North Southerners went
  • Wanted Northerners to fear battle and loss of land like many Southerners feared
  • South wanted to end battle before N Reinforcements(Created by Lee)
    • Led to Pickett’s Charge⇒Massacre
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10
Q

George McClellan:

A
  • general of Union at start of Civil War
  • Clashed with Lincoln because of different views of war(quick vs comprehensive)
  • Removed after Battle of Anteitam becuase didn’t want to persue enemy
  • Became opponent and Democratic candidate of 1864
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11
Q

NYC Riots:

A
  • During Civil War
  • Riots about Drafts(poor white immigrants being targeted)
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12
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea:

A
  • During end of Civil War
  • After Confederate General John Hood pushed him back
  • Atlanta to Charleston
  • Led to increased emancipation; destruction of black property
  • destruction of Confederate coast resources
  • No resistance signalled disunity of South and end of war in Union’s favor
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13
Q

Emancipation Proclamation:

A
  • Proclaimed by AL after Battle of Gettysburg
  • 2 parts:
    1. Threat to South to free their slaves and stop the war
    1. Jan 1, 1863: freedom to all confederate slaves
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14
Q

13th Amendment:

A
  • Created post-Civil War
  • Supported by AL
  • No involuntary servitude except without crime/ punishment
  • South worked with it and used it to segregate and weaken newly freedmen
  • Passes in Early 1865
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15
Q

Lincoln’s 10% Plan:

A
  • Only 10% of white males had to take an oath of loyalty to US to return state to US
  • Trying to make Reconstruction faster and bring Union back together
  • Proclamation of Amnesty→Readmission
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16
Q

14th Amendment:

A
  • Defined Citizen: “All people born or naturalized in the US”
  • Barred States from infringing on citizens rights
  • Jackson contested with veto and “Swing around the World” tour⇒ both failed and reduced his popularity⇒ impeachment
17
Q

Carpetbaggers & Scalawags:

A
  • Terms created Post-Civil War by Southerners
  • Carpetbaggers: Northerners coming to South for opportunity for wealth
  • Scalawags: (White) Southerners who supported the Republican Party or benefited from them being in power
18
Q

Radical Republicans:

A
  • Came to Congressional power during the Johnson presidency
  • Believed in Reconstruction is complete change in social and political order[True Rec]
  • Policies:
    1. South=“conquered provice”
    2. iron clad oath for all lower power Southerners[higher order southerners not allowed to be citizens]
    3. Wade-Davis Bill:(1864)
    * Readmission of Southerners required majority of electorate to take oath
  • Lost power after Grant’s presidency was mired in scandal and corruption→ End of Reconstruction
18
Q

Radical Republicans:

A
  • Came to Congressional power during the Johnson presidency
  • Believed in Reconstruction is complete change in social and political order[True Rec]
  • Policies:
    1. South=“conquered provice”
    2. iron clad oath for all lower power Southerners[higher order southerners not allowed to be citizens]
    3. Wade-Davis Bill:(1864)
    * Readmission of Southerners required majority of electorate to take oath
  • Lost power after Grant’s presidency was mired in scandal and corruption→ End of Reconstruction
19
Q

Black Codes:

A
  • Created after 13th Amendment
  • Had to follow it but basically rewriting/reinstating old slave codes
  • Replaced “slave” with “freedman”
  • basically reintroduced slavery by making work unbearable and escape = FSA or jailtime
20
Q

Panic of 1873:

A
  • Economic situation after reconstruction
  • Boom from Reconstruction reversed because of increased corruption
  • → 5 year economic contraction → 3 million jobs gone
  • → Debtors and unemployed needing money
    * Businessmen worried because of strikes ⇒ property rights and “sound money”
21
Q

Andrew Johnson:

A
  • Jacksonian Democratic Senator of TN who didn’t support secession
  • part of AL ticket because neutral option to get support from democrats
  • became president after AL death and became more and more democratic instead of republican
  • Severe opposition by Reps(in Super-majority) ⇒ impeachment
  • Anti-planter because he considered yeoman as most important(populist)
  • Accepted Emancipation but didn’t want to give any extra help to Af. Am
  • Reconstruction= restoring to pre-civil war
  • Wanted to end Rec. in 8 months and pardon everyone involved in the confederacy
22
Q

Tenure of Office Act:

A
  • Created by Rad Rep Congress to reduce AJ power
  • Protect Rep Sec of State from getting kicked out by AJ
  • Had to verify fires by president
  • When AJ fired, Congress impeached using Tenure of Office Act
23
Q

“Labor Question”:

A
  • Came up during Economic Crisis from Panic of 1873
  • Questions about the length of work week and treatment of workers
24
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau:

A
  • (1865-1869)
  • Created equity for frredmen
  • AJ tried to shut it down but failed b/c of compromise
25
Q

15th Amendment:

A
  • 1870
  • No denial of voting by race, color, past servitude
  • Didn’t actually make states give voting to citizens, just don’t stop→Literacy Tests and other policies to stop black ppl from voting
26
Q

Southern “Redemption”:

A
  • Confederates coming back into US politics and power(Alexander Stephens becoming GA senator)
27
Q

Sharecropping System:

A
  • Many former slaves had no capital to build future
  • Live and farm on former plantation owners land, pay off generational debt with crops
  • ¼ of South became sharecropping
28
Q

Ulysses Grant:

A
  • President during 1869-1877
  • Mired in scandal and corruption which he supported
  • Led to fall of Rad. Rep. from power
29
Q

“Redeemers”:

A
  • Southern Democrats in Congress post Civil War(after AJ’s vision in effect)
  • Fighting for S rights and protecting against Northern Republicans
30
Q

KKK:

A
  • Created after fall of Civil War
  • Demonstration of white supremacy in South and fear of black power(Republican black senator)
  • Led to growth of paramilitary groups after started to fall because of federal governments taking away their writ of habeas corpus
  • demonstrated divide between federal and state government
31
Q

Thaddeus Stevens:

A
  • Radical Republican member
  • Published own reconstruction plan after Civil War
32
Q

Compromise of 1877

A
  • About the election of 1877
  • Hayes into gvt if he accepted southern ideals
  • Showed that the Rad Reps out of power and
  • Signalled Reconstruction over

History Final (4 decks)

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