Unit 4: The Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards
1
Q
Fort Sumter:
A
- 1st fort Invaded by the CSA after secession
- Was in South Carolina and under USA control⇒ CSA kicking them out to show their dominance and signal the start of the war
- Before: US held the fort because didn’t recognize CS as a country and just occupied their own bases, which made CS angry
- AL resupplying when they attacked
2
Q
Robert E. Lee:
A
- General of CSA
- Suicidal strategy for Battle of Gettysburg(Pickett’s Charge) ⇒ him asking to resign
- Negotiated surrender of CS with Grant
3
Q
Battle of Chancellorsville:
A
- Big victory by South when they atk US unprepared
- 13k US vs <60k CS
- Led to Stonewall Jackson’s death by own troops
4
Q
Anaconda Plan:
A
- Plan by North to cut of South from trade on MS river and in the numerous ports
- Created by LT. Gnl. Winfield Scott @ war start
- Used by north throughout war to win
5
Q
Northern & Southern home fronts:
A
- North: Increased Economy at Start
* Quartermaster Department: Gvt. Contracts to manufacturers- Increased Immigration
- Dissent Grew however
- South: Class Divide with legal draft dodging
* Became opposite of weak central government
* created ideology of Southern Nationalism: Own flags, songs, textbooks
* Twenty Slave Law:
* 20 slaves⇒ no war co-op
* sep rich from war and benefits the rich- wealthy hording ⇒ hyper inflation
6
Q
Battle of Vicksburg:
A
- 2nd major battle of Civil War
- Crucal taking of MS river by Union to attack anywhere
- Ended 2 front War
7
Q
Jefferson Davis:
A
- President of CSA
- Classist who was more in touch with the rich and powerful
- Lost support with commoners ⇒ dissent, desertion, and failure of the South
8
Q
Copperheads:
A
- Insulting term for Northerners who didin’t support Union effort
- Created by Republicans
9
Q
Battle of Gettysburg:
A
- Furthest North Southerners went
- Wanted Northerners to fear battle and loss of land like many Southerners feared
- South wanted to end battle before N Reinforcements(Created by Lee)
- Led to Pickett’s Charge⇒Massacre
10
Q
George McClellan:
A
- general of Union at start of Civil War
- Clashed with Lincoln because of different views of war(quick vs comprehensive)
- Removed after Battle of Anteitam becuase didn’t want to persue enemy
- Became opponent and Democratic candidate of 1864
11
Q
NYC Riots:
A
- During Civil War
- Riots about Drafts(poor white immigrants being targeted)
12
Q
Sherman’s March to the Sea:
A
- During end of Civil War
- After Confederate General John Hood pushed him back
- Atlanta to Charleston
- Led to increased emancipation; destruction of black property
- destruction of Confederate coast resources
- No resistance signalled disunity of South and end of war in Union’s favor
13
Q
Emancipation Proclamation:
A
- Proclaimed by AL after Battle of Gettysburg
- 2 parts:
1. Threat to South to free their slaves and stop the war
1. Jan 1, 1863: freedom to all confederate slaves
14
Q
13th Amendment:
A
- Created post-Civil War
- Supported by AL
- No involuntary servitude except without crime/ punishment
- South worked with it and used it to segregate and weaken newly freedmen
- Passes in Early 1865
15
Q
Lincoln’s 10% Plan:
A
- Only 10% of white males had to take an oath of loyalty to US to return state to US
- Trying to make Reconstruction faster and bring Union back together
- Proclamation of Amnesty→Readmission
16
Q
14th Amendment:
A
- Defined Citizen: “All people born or naturalized in the US”
- Barred States from infringing on citizens rights
- Jackson contested with veto and “Swing around the World” tour⇒ both failed and reduced his popularity⇒ impeachment
17
Q
Carpetbaggers & Scalawags:
A
- Terms created Post-Civil War by Southerners
- Carpetbaggers: Northerners coming to South for opportunity for wealth
- Scalawags: (White) Southerners who supported the Republican Party or benefited from them being in power
18
Q
Radical Republicans:
A
- Came to Congressional power during the Johnson presidency
- Believed in Reconstruction is complete change in social and political order[True Rec]
- Policies:
1. South=“conquered provice”
2. iron clad oath for all lower power Southerners[higher order southerners not allowed to be citizens]
3. Wade-Davis Bill:(1864)
* Readmission of Southerners required majority of electorate to take oath - Lost power after Grant’s presidency was mired in scandal and corruption→ End of Reconstruction
18
Q
Radical Republicans:
A
- Came to Congressional power during the Johnson presidency
- Believed in Reconstruction is complete change in social and political order[True Rec]
- Policies:
1. South=“conquered provice”
2. iron clad oath for all lower power Southerners[higher order southerners not allowed to be citizens]
3. Wade-Davis Bill:(1864)
* Readmission of Southerners required majority of electorate to take oath - Lost power after Grant’s presidency was mired in scandal and corruption→ End of Reconstruction
19
Q
Black Codes:
A
- Created after 13th Amendment
- Had to follow it but basically rewriting/reinstating old slave codes
- Replaced “slave” with “freedman”
- basically reintroduced slavery by making work unbearable and escape = FSA or jailtime
20
Q
Panic of 1873:
A
- Economic situation after reconstruction
- Boom from Reconstruction reversed because of increased corruption
- → 5 year economic contraction → 3 million jobs gone
- → Debtors and unemployed needing money
* Businessmen worried because of strikes ⇒ property rights and “sound money”
21
Q
Andrew Johnson:
A
- Jacksonian Democratic Senator of TN who didn’t support secession
- part of AL ticket because neutral option to get support from democrats
- became president after AL death and became more and more democratic instead of republican
- Severe opposition by Reps(in Super-majority) ⇒ impeachment
- Anti-planter because he considered yeoman as most important(populist)
- Accepted Emancipation but didn’t want to give any extra help to Af. Am
- Reconstruction= restoring to pre-civil war
- Wanted to end Rec. in 8 months and pardon everyone involved in the confederacy
22
Q
Tenure of Office Act:
A
- Created by Rad Rep Congress to reduce AJ power
- Protect Rep Sec of State from getting kicked out by AJ
- Had to verify fires by president
- When AJ fired, Congress impeached using Tenure of Office Act
23
Q
“Labor Question”:
A
- Came up during Economic Crisis from Panic of 1873
- Questions about the length of work week and treatment of workers
24
Freedmen’s Bureau:
* (1865-1869)
* Created equity for frredmen
* AJ tried to shut it down but failed b/c of compromise
25
15th Amendment:
* 1870
* No denial of voting by race, color, past servitude
* Didn't actually make states give voting to citizens, just don't stop→Literacy Tests and other policies to stop black ppl from voting
26
Southern “Redemption”:
* Confederates coming back into US politics and power(Alexander Stephens becoming GA senator)
27
Sharecropping System:
* Many former slaves had no capital to build future
* Live and farm on former plantation owners land, pay off generational debt with crops
* ¼ of South became sharecropping
28
Ulysses Grant:
* President during 1869-1877
* Mired in scandal and corruption which he supported
* Led to fall of Rad. Rep. from power
29
“Redeemers”:
* Southern Democrats in Congress post Civil War(after AJ’s vision in effect)
* Fighting for S rights and protecting against Northern Republicans
30
KKK:
* Created after fall of Civil War
* Demonstration of white supremacy in South and fear of black power(Republican black senator)
* Led to growth of paramilitary groups after started to fall because of federal governments taking away their writ of habeas corpus
* demonstrated divide between federal and state government
31
Thaddeus Stevens:
* Radical Republican member
* Published own reconstruction plan after Civil War
32
Compromise of 1877
* About the election of 1877
* Hayes into gvt if he accepted southern ideals
* Showed that the Rad Reps out of power and
* Signalled Reconstruction over
