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History Final > Unit 3: The Early Republic & Antebellum America > Flashcards

Unit 3: The Early Republic & Antebellum America Flashcards

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1
Q

Confederation Congress

A
  • Created by Articles of Confederation
  • Did not create much unity or federal pwr
  • Created no juciciary
  • Not able to tax forcibly
  • Was a failed responce to UK tyranny
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2
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A
  • late 1780s
  • Led many westerners unhappy with high taxes
  • Atk armory and failed
  • →decreasing taxes on W landowners
  • →new import duties
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3
Q

Indian Trade and Intercouse Act

A
  • 1793
  • Made by Henry Knox
  • “Civilizing” Na. Am.:
    1. Living together
    2. Livestock and ag. training
    3. Get rid of Na. Am. tradition(Hunting; women’s roles in society)
  • Slowly Na. Am. became more receptive (changed nothing when Cher. failed)
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4
Q

The First Emancipation

A
  • After protest against slavery
  • First round of abolishing slavery
  • Done in Vermont (1777), Pennsylvania (1780), Maine (1783), and New Jersey (1804)
  • Not dependent of slave labor
  • Supported by Quakers and abolitionist
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5
Q

The 3/5th Clause

A
  • Created during the Constitutional Convention
  • Settled down Snrs(not feeling represented)
  • Enslaved people counted as 3/5 of a person for cong. rep.
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6
Q

The Republican Mother

A
  • Created in wake of Revolutionary Change
  • Trying to supress women’s suffrage(prevalent in upper class wives(Abigail Adams)) with some rights
  • A political view that became popular where women could be involved in politics by raising their children and correcting their husbands in republican values
  • Some ideas about women change but they were seen as irrational and could not be trusted outside the home
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7
Q

The First Congress

A
  • (1789)
  • Goals
    1. Debt: Revenue Act(5% Import Tax)
    2. Bill of Rights: 1st 10 Amend
    3. Setup/Clarify Exec/Jud Branches
  • →1st Cabinet: War(Knox), State(Jefferson), Treasury(Hamilton)
  • → Judiciary Act
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8
Q

Report on Public Credit

A
  • 1790
  • Fiscal/Eco polt of Hamilton
  • Congress assumed state debt, sold gvt bonds to pay debt
  • 1st national bank(safer eco)
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9
Q

First Bank of the USA

A
  • Created by Report on Public Credit
  • Similar to UK Bank
  • Able to collect, disperse, and circulate $
  • Not approved of by Madison, Knox, or Jefferson
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10
Q

Whiskey Excise Tax & Rebellion

A
  • Created with Bank
  • Intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War
  • Protest by farmers and distillers in W Penn
  • Created precedent of not rebelling for no reason
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11
Q

Jay Treaty

A
  • 1794
  • Created before the XYZ Affair
  • Agreement with Britain regarding U.S forts and trade
  • Led to French taking US ships → Negotiations by John Adams(president)
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12
Q

Alien & Sedition Acts

A
  • 1798
  • Passed by Feds
  • Residency Requirement: 5→14 y
  • Prez could deport ‘aliens’
  • Reason: weaken Rep power
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13
Q

KY, VA Resolutions

A
  • Response to Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Gave states the right to ignore federal laws that were unconstitutional
  • Foreshadowing of the nullification crisis.
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14
Q

XYZ Affair

A
  • Following the Jay Treaty
  • failed negotiations with France
  • Investigation of Republicans by Federalists for allowing French agents into the country
  • Led to war with France
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15
Q

Hamilton vs Jefferson

A
  • Jefferson: Limited government, abolish internal taxes, separation of church and state, disliked the supreme court (target and impeach justices), make the courts republican, believed in slavery and inferiority of slaves;Use politics and religion in newspapers to appeal to the masses
  • Hamilton: More gvt, intl taxes, supreme court, basically opposite of Jefferson
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16
Q

War of 1812

A
  • A war fought between the U.S and Britain between 1812 and 1815
  • Britain had enacted, blocked, utilized impressment, allied with Native Americans. Additionally, republicans wanted to protect a republican political economy.
  • Tie between nations, and the US wasn’t able to take Canada
  • Lead to industrial takeoff, westward expansion and rise in slave labor
  • Led to dissapearance of Federalists because of Hartford Conventions failure(thoughts of secession on heels of American victory)
17
Q

Gag Rule

A
  • Time Period: 1836-44
  • Pre Mx-Am war and After Mo Compromise
  • A series of rule: forbade slavery talk in the U.S. House of Representatives
  • Reps. felt suppressed by Dems.
18
Q

Dred Scott

A
  • Pre Civil War
  • Case about whether slave or not
  • SCOTUS said that slave=property
  • Slavery protected by fed gvt
19
Q

Missouri Compromise

A
  • 1820
  • → MO=Slave State, Maine=Non-Slave[Maintain slave-non-slave balance]
  • outlawed slavery above the 36º 30’ latitude line in rest of LA Territory
  • Challenged repeatedly until 1860s
20
Q

“The Corrupt Bargain”

A
  • Election of 1824 between JQ Adams(DR), Andrew Jackson(DR), Henry Clay(Whig/DR)
  • No electoral college vote majority(AJ got most)
  • Adams and Clay made deal→JQA becoming Pres and HC becoming Sec. of State(best path to pres)
  • Consequence: Splitting DRs:
    1. Democrats (Jackson=Jeffersonian)
    2. Republicans (Adams)
21
Q

Andrew Jackson

A
  • Famous Milit Leader(TN) who won Battle of New Orleans in War of 1812
  • Won the election of 1828 and became king Andrew as he expanded executive power. 12 Vetoes based on party disagreements
  • Used a spoils system where he loaded up his cabinet and offices with friends and ignored supreme court ruling.
  • Signed the Indian removal act and precedent over the trail of tears where cherokees were forced to give up their lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
22
Q

Henry Clay

A
  • Big Part of US polt in 1800s(senator, sec. of state, and presidential candidate)
  • Forged Compromise of 1850
  • Supported gradual emancipation
23
Q

American System

A
  • First half of 1800s
  • Everything connected
  • 2nd national bank
  • increased tariffs→ Increased roads for more travel
  • All proved a strong central gvt which Feds/Whigs wanted
24
Q

Nullification Crisis & Force Bill

A
  • States like SC didn’t like Jacksonian tariffs
  • Nullified which created problem for AJ
  • Force bill passed(fed pwr)→ Compromise: Decreased Tariffs with repeal of SC nullification law
25
Q

John C. Calhoun

A
  • VP of John Quincy Adams
  • Supporter of Nullification
  • Did not like Tariffs
  • Protest
    1. dd
    2.
26
Q

King Cotton

A
  • Before Cotton on decrease = slavery decreasing
  • Cotton Gin→ lucrative cotton trade→ skyrocketing south populations and slave labor
  • → Spreading West→ increasing Na. Am. removal
  • Consequences: increasing slave labor and Na. Am. removal
27
Q

Indian Removal Act

A
  • Created by Andrew Jackson
  • Made to remove Na. Am. in way of S cotton expansion
  • Led to Trail of Tears as Cher had to give up land East of MS River(esp in Georgia) and travel to OK
28
Q

Cherokee Nation v Georgia

A
  • Georgians wanted to get rid of Na. Am. because of possible Gold being on their land
  • Na. Am. fought because they transformed themselves to model American government and way of life(Precedent= Indian Trade and Intercourse Act)
  • Went to SCOTUS but lost → Trail of Tears
29
Q

Manifest Destiny

A
  • Popular in 1800s
  • US had divine right to expand democracy, capitalism, religion
  • Coined in 1845, glorified in art
  • Used in wars such as MX-AM War
30
Q

Mexican-American War

A
  • 1846-48
  • TX wanted to take more MX land because many Americans there
  • Contested border of TX→Aggressive war by James K. Polk
  • Ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: MX ceded TX and NM up to Rio grande River
31
Q

Slave Power Conspiracy

A
  • Formed after MX-AM war
  • N fearing slavery spread all over the US and slave holders controlling all of Congress→N=No Rep.
32
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • Came after CA Gold Rush
  • Provisions:
    1. California is a free state
    1. Texas has borders to the Rio-Grande but get $10 million to ceed New Mexico territory
    1. Utah and New Mexico have popular sovereignty
    1. No slave trade in D.C
    1. Fugitive Slave Act
33
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A
  • Created by Comp of 1850
  • Federal protection of slaveholders’ right to retrieve their property(slaves)
  • Help from federal commissioners
  • They were able to go into the North and take their slaves from there, even though they were free in those states
  • Increased North and South Animosity
  • Led to protests and violent resistance
  • Many slaves fled to Canada
34
Q

Anthony Burns

A
  • 1852
  • Victim of FSA
  • Ex-slave, escaped
  • Goes to Boston
  • Debate over federal and state power
  • Buchanan sent in federal marshals to take him back
  • A group of abolitionists killed the guard as they tried to set Burns free
35
Q

KS-NE Act

A
  • Created in 1854
  • Created these territories with popular Sovereignty (disagreement because of constitution and missouri compromise)
  • Political Parties breaking up as both sides run to stop or continue slavery
  • The south wanted SAD to repeal the MO compromise ⇒ Increase opposition against SAD and the Federal Slave Act⇒ Increased Personal Liberty Laws → dividing of whigs and decreased Northeren support of Democrats
36
Q

Lecompton

A
  • Birthplace of KS constitution
  • Battle over it and KS voted for no slavery
  • Buchanan tried to force pro-slavery constitution
37
Q

John Brown

A
  • Raised on Old Testament and Abolitionist Ideals
  • Only way to stop slavery was through violence
  • →(Oct 16,1859) JB and 18 others attacked federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA
  • South saw him as a terrorist and the bringer of their worst nightmare
  • The north saw him as a martyr
  • Demonstrated divide between South and North regarding slavery
38
Q

Election of 1860

A
  • Lincoln(Rep) vs Douglas(N Dem) vs Breckinridge(S Dem)
  • Lincoln won but the (southern) democrats refused to accept the results
  • Lincoln rejected concession asked for by the South regarding territory and slavery leading to the secession crisis.
  • Led to secession by Southern Governments
  • Led to Civil War

History Final (4 decks)

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