Unit 4 test Systems

Question 1

What is ingestion and what is egestion

Answer 1

ingestion is the intake of food by swallowing or absorbing.

egestion is discharge

Question 2

What are the 3 things salvia is made up of and what are there functions?

Answer 2

1. mucus= to lubricate food
2. water= to dissolve food
3. amylase= chemically digest carbs.

Question 3

What is the tounges role in the digestive system

Answer 3

1. physical digestion= chewing and mixing food with saliva

2. Swallowing= push bolus up and to the back of the pharynx

Question 4

What is the epiglottis for

Answer 4

a flap of tissue at base of tongue to prevent food from going into the lungs to avoid choking

Question 5

What is pharynx

Answer 5

back of throat, common passageway for food and air.

Question 6

What is the function of esophagus

Answer 6

leads food into the stomach, ensures that bolus is pushed into stomach

Question 7

What are the 2 sphincters at the beginning and end of the stomach called

Answer 7

beggining= cardiac sphincter
end= pyloric sphincter.

Question 8

What are sphincters

Answer 8

rings of muscles to open and close

Question 9

What is the stomach made up of

Answer 9

mucus= thick layer to protect the stomach wall from acid and pepsin
hydrochloric acid= physical digestion kills bacteria, activates pepsin.
pepsin= enzyme which chemically breaks down protein.

Question 10

WHAT DOES THE LIVER DO

Answer 10

1. store excess glucose
2. makes bile
3. filter out and breaks down toxic compounds from the blood

Question 11

WHAT DOES THE GALLBALDER DO

Answer 11

Stores bile and sends it to the duodenum

Question 12

How is the gallbladder and liver connected

Answer 12

by bile duct

Question 13

What does the pancreas do

Answer 13

1. make insulin
2. make pancreatic secretion containing
   a) enzyme which chemically digests proteins, carbs and lipids.
   b) sodium bicarbonate which neutralises acidic chyme.

Question 14

What do the small intestine do

Answer 14

Finnish off chemical digestion for all nutrients.

+absorption of digested food into blood stream

Question 15

What is the sphincter located at the end of the small intestine called

Answer 15

-ileo-caecal sphincter, keeps digested food into the small intestine. ALlows for more time for digestion and absorption.

Question 16

What does the large intestine do

Answer 16

Record water and minerals from digestive secretions.
Create vitamin B and K
Move feces along.

Question 17

What does the rectum do

Answer 17

Stores faeces, control egestion.

Question 18

What are the 3 types of digestive enzymes

Answer 18

1. carbhoydrases
2. proteases
3. lipases

Question 19

Where are carbohydrases stored

Answer 19

• salivary
• pancreas
• small intestine

Question 20

What breaks glycogen into maltose

Answer 20

amylase

Question 21

What is the way carbohydrates are broken down

Answer 21

polysacharide-disacharides-monosacharides.

Question 22

what breaks maltose to glucose

Answer 22

maltase

Question 23

Why can’t proteases be stored in active form

Answer 23

because it would digest organ parts.

Question 24

What is proteases stored in enzyme called?

Answer 24

precursor

Question 25

How does pepsin form

Answer 25

precursor+HCL

Question 26

What is the way protein is broken down

Answer 26

protein-peptides-amino acids

Question 27

what enzyme breaks protein into peptides

Answer 27

pepsin

Question 28

What enzyme breaks down peptides into amino acids

Answer 28

trypsin

Question 29

Where is lipases stored in

Answer 29

pancrease
small intestine
fat tissue under skin

Question 30

What does the circulatory system transport

Answer 30

• nutrients
• gas
• wastes and toxins
• hormones
• heat
• clotting factors

Question 31

What does the circulatory system do

Answer 31

-Transport and fight against pathogens

Question 32

What is the circulatory composed of

Answer 32

• blood
• vessels
• heart

Question 33

Info about blood, how much do we have of it, its viscosity and acidity etc

Answer 33

5liters average, 3x thicker than blood. 7.35- 7.45 ph

Question 34

What is blood composed of

Answer 34

55% plasma 45% cells

Question 35

What does plasma contain

Answer 35

h2o, dissolved solutes, nutrients, vitamins and hormones

Question 36

Where are blood cells produced and where

Answer 36

In the stem cell of bone marrow.

Question 37

What do you call red blood cells

Answer 37

Erythrocytes

Question 38

What is the function of blood cells

Answer 38

To carry O2 and CO2

Question 39

What do red blood cells lack

Answer 39

Mitochondria, ribosomes and nuclei

Question 40

What is haemoglobin molecule of bright red blood

Answer 40

Hemoglobin bindes with O2 to form Oxyhemoglobin aka bright red blood

Question 41

What is haemoglobin molecule of bright dark blood

Answer 41

Hemoglobin bindes with Co2 to form carbaminohemoglobin aka dark red

Question 42

What are white blood cells called

Answer 42

Leukocytes

Question 43

What do Leukocytes do

Answer 43

• defence against pathogens
• remove dead cell debris
• attack abnormal cells

Question 44

What does a white blood cell macrophage do

Answer 44

ingest pathogens or abnormal cells

Question 45

What does white blood cell lymphocytes do

Answer 45

make antibodies

Question 46

What are thrombocytes what do they do

Answer 46

platelets- cell fragments: they stimulate clotting protein in plasma to form fibrin- net form traps blood cells

Question 47

What do capillaries do

Answer 47

allow exchange of
nutrients & wastes
between blood & cells