Unit 4: Solutions and Solubility Flashcards
What is a real life example of Quantitive Analysis?
A breathalyzer; measures concentration of alcohol in exhaled air.
What is the formula for meauring concentration?
C= N/V
Dilute
A small quantity of solute per unit volume of solution.
Concentrated
A large quntity of solute per unit volume of solution.
How can the wrong concentration be fatal? What happens when it’s too low?
Red blood cells can swell and burst (hemoglobic crisis). Cells are deprived of nutrients and oxygen.
When a label indicates “V/V” what does this mean?
V/V indicated 2 liquids that are being mixed together.
The first V represents the solute dissolved in the solution.
The second V represents the final volume of the solution.
What is the equation for calculating a V/V percentage?
Csolution = vsolute/vsolution X100%
*Your answer should be in units % V/V*
When you use W/V instead of V/V?
When there is a mass involved in the question.
What is the equation for calculating a W/V percentage?
Csolution= m solute/vsolution X100%
*Your answer should be in units % W/V*
Molar Concentration
The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per unit volume of solution. (mol/L)
Dilution
The process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. This doesn’t change the quantity of solute, only it’s concentration.
What is the equation for finding the concentration of a diluted solution?
CiVi=CfVf
What are the 2 equations for finding ppm?
1) 1ppm= 1g / 1000L
2) 1ppm = 1mg/L
*Choose based on the units in your problem*
What was the Arrhenius Acid Theory?
Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen and can dissolve in water to release hydrogen into solution. The hydrogen gives up its electron to the other element in the solution.
Example: HCl
What was the Arrhenius Base Theory?
Substances that dissolve in water to release hydroxide ions into solution.
Neutralization
When a base an an acid are mixed together to produce water and a salt. The H (relesed by acids) and OH (released by bases) ions join to create the water.
What are 2 properties of bases and 4 properties of their solutions?
Bases:
- Water soluable
- Electrolytes
Base Solutions:
- Taste bitter
- Slippery
- Turn red litmus blue
- Neutralize acidic solutions
What are 2 properties of acids and 5 properties of their solutions?
Acids:
- Water soluable
- Electrolytes
Acid Solutions:
- Taste sour
- Not slippery
- Turn blue litmus red
- Neutralize basic solutions
- React with active metal to produce hydorgen gas
Strong Acids and Bases
An acid or base that dissociates completely into ions in water. They are also strong electrolytes.
Exmaples: HCl (acid) and NaOH (base)
Weak Acids and Bases
An acid or base that dissociated or ionizes very slightly in water. They are also weak electolytes.
*Most acids and bases are weak*
Examples: CH3OOH (acid) and NH3 (base)
Strong/Weak vs. Concentrated vs. Dilute
Why should we not confuse these terms?
Strong and Weak: How well the ions seperate
Concerntrated and Dilute: How watered down a solution is
It is possible to have a dilute solution of a strong acid or a concentrated solution of a weak acid.
What factor determines the strength of an acid or base?
How well the ions seperate.
What is Autoionization?
Sometimes the collisions between molecules transfer a hydrogen ion from one molecule to another. In pure water this rarely happens.
What happens when water molecules gain and loose hydrogen?
Loose: OH-
Gain: H3O+
In neutral solutions the ratio of gaining and loosing hydrogen is equal*
