Unit 4 – Solutions

Question 1

what is a solution made up of?

Answer 1

solution = solute + solvent

Question 2

what is it called when water is the solvent?

Answer 2

an aqueous solution

Question 3

define solubility

Answer 3

The maximum out of solute that will dissolve in a known amount of solvent

Question 4

define precipitate

Answer 4

A solid substance it appears when 2 solutions are mixed or

a decreasing solubility

Question 5

in the Chemical equation the compound with a low solubility is

Answer 5

The precipitate

Question 6

what happens when in a chemical equation both compounds have a high solubility?

Answer 6

no precipitate occurs

Question 7

solute formation

there are attractions between

Answer 7

two solute particles

two solvent particles

solute particles and solvent particle

Question 8

what are the three intermolecular forces?

Answer 8

dipole dipole

London forces

hydrogen bonding

Question 9

how do you prepare a volumetric flask or Erlenmeyer flask?

Answer 9

Tapwater Then rinse with deionized water

Question 10

how do you prepare a beaker?

Answer 10

rinse with tap water then deionized water and then dry

Question 11

how do you prepare a pipette or buret?

Answer 11

rinse with tapwater, deionized water, condition

Question 12

why do you condition?

Answer 12

The deionized water left in the equipment will dilute the concentration of the solution

Question 13

define solution and example

Answer 13

A homogeneous mixture (one phase) that is uniform throughout (looks like a pure substance)

example air oxygen nitrogen brass copper and zinc

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

A pure substance that is composed of one kind of atom listed on the periodic table example H

Question 14

compound

Answer 14

two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions example H2O

Question 15

mixture

Answer 15

A mixture is made up of two or more different kinds of particles

Question 16

solution and example

Answer 16

A homogeneous mixture (only one phase) that is uniform throughout (looks like a pure substance) example air 02, N2 and brass (copper zinc)

Question 17

mechanical mixture

Answer 17

A heterogeneous mixture (has two or more phases)

example oil and water

Question 18

phase

Answer 18

a visibly distinct region

Question 19

what are the three types of percentage concentration?

Answer 19

percent v/v
percent w/v
percent w/w

Question 20

what is the formula for percent volume volume

Answer 20

mL of solute over 100 mL of solution

Question 21

what is the percentage concentration formula of weight weight?

Answer 21

grams of solute over 100 g of solution

Question 22

what is the equation for parts per million?

Answer 22

units of solute over 1,000,000 units of solution

Question 23

high solubility

Answer 23

can form a solution with the concentration of greater than or equal to 0.1 moles per litre

Question 24

Low solubility

Answer 24

The solute cannot form a solution with the concentration of 0.1 moles per litre

Question 25

what makes a solute dissolve or not dissolve?

Answer 25

The attractions between two solute particles
to solvent particles
solute particle solvent particle

Question 26

The stronger the attraction the lower the solubility

Answer 26

d

Question 27

what happens during Dipole Dipole?

Answer 27

there is an attractive force between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules

Question 28

what happens during London forces?

Answer 28

it is in all molecules

one electron suddenly moves to one side of the Atom

Question 29

what happens during hydrogen bonding?

Answer 29

hydrogen bonding occurs in Atoms with high electronegativity values and a slightly positive hydrogen (F, O, N)

if it did not occur all water on earth would be a gas

Question 30

electrolytes

Answer 30

when ionic compounds are dissolved, they form conducting solutions because their ions (charged particles) are able to move around and therefore conduct electricity

Question 31

water as a solvent

Answer 31

since water is a polar molecule it can easily break apart other molecular bonds

water molecules have such strong bonds to each other because of hydrogen bonding

Question 32

Arsenious theory and properties of acids

Answer 32

an acid is a compound that ionizes in water to form hydrogen ions

it has a low pH
and produces H plus ions

Question 33

strong acids

Answer 33

they have a high electrical conductivity and high percentage I nitration greater than 99% example HCl

Question 34

what is the most dangerous part about acids?

Answer 34

The strength or concentration of the acid

Question 35

Arrhenius Theory and properties of a base

Answer 35

The base is an ionic hydroxide that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ion’s

high pH
dissociate to produce OH negative ions

Question 36

what is the formula for pH?

Answer 36

pH=-log [1x H^+]

Question 37

what is the formula for [H^+]?

Answer 37

[H^+]= 10^-pH

Question 38

acid-base titration

Answer 38

A neutralization reaction which produces water and a salt

there are no excess reactants means equivalence point has been reached

endpoint is when colour changes

Question 39

titration

Answer 39

A common laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of substances in solution

Question 40

preparation of solutions therefore statement

Answer 40

Dissolve _______g _______ in deionized water and dilute up to _______mL of solution in the volumetric flask

Question 41

preparation of solutions question

Answer 41

from solid and more concentrated solution

Question 42

practice titration question

Answer 42

go