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Chemistry 11 > Unit 1-Isotopes > Flashcards

Unit 1-Isotopes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a radioisotope? Example

A

An isotope that is unstable. Radioisotopes have too many protons for the number of neutrons that can control them. (hold the nucleus together)

Uranium – 238 is an example it emits radiation

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2
Q

What is Isotopic notation?

A

Mass number in top left corner
Atomic number in the bottom left corner
top right corner is charge

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3
Q

Do an isotopic notation question

A

Go

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4
Q

ARAM question

A

Did you remember units?

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5
Q

What are the three types of radiation?

A

Alpha beta and gamma

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6
Q

Draw the symbol for Alpha

A

Fish

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7
Q

Draw the symbol for Beta

A

B

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8
Q

What is the symbol for gamma?

A

Taurus

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9
Q

What happens to the nucleus when an alpha particle is released?

A

Loss of two neutrons and two protons

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10
Q

What happens to the nucleus when a beta particle is released?

A

A neutron is converted into a proton and an electron is released from the nucleus

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11
Q

What happens when a GammaRay is released?

A

The nucleus lowers in energy

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12
Q

What is the penetration in the air for an alpha particle and an effective barrier?

A

A few centimeters and a piece of paper

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13
Q

What is the penetration air for a beta particle and what is an effective barrier?

A

A few meters in 1 to 2 mm of metal

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14
Q

What is the penetration in the air of a gamma ray and what is an effective barrier?

A

It is unlimited and 1 metre of lead or concrete.

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15
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A fast-moving electron from the nucleus

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16
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

Positively charged nuclear particle it looks like helium

17
Q

What is a Gamma Ray?

A

Energy released from an atomic nucleus

18
Q

Half life question

A

Hi

19
Q

Alpha or beta question

A

.

20
Q

What is an isotope? Example

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are isotopes of each other
Li-6 Li-7

21
Q

what are the benefits and risks of radioisotopes?

A 
useful in screening cancer and X-rays 
causes damage to living tissue 
can result in mutation
radiation sickness 
cancer and death
22
Q

what is carbon-14 dating used for and how does it work?

A

it is used to measure the amount of time since organism died
using the ratio of carbon-14 atoms.
using the half life of carbon we can use the amount left to calculate the amount of time that has passed.

23
Q

Draw Bohr diagrams

A

-

24
Q

ARAM

A

Average Relative Atomic Mass

The masses on the periodic table are averages.

Out of 1000 atoms

25
Q

Radioisotopes

what do neutrons do to stabilize the nucleus?

A

While protons repel each other,
neutrons keep them apart and exert an attractive force (QUARKS)

there is an ideal ratio

26
Q

ion

A

an atom that has required a charge as result of losing or gaining electrons

27
Q

atom

A

The smallest particle of an element which still retains the elements’ properties

28
Q

atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

29
Q

proton

A

A positively charged particle in the nucleus with the mass of 1 AMU

30
Q

neutron

A

A neutral particle (change zero) in the nucleus with the mass of one AMU

31
Q

electron

A

A negatively charged particle outside the nucleus with a very small mass

32
Q

Zeff

A

The attractive force an electron feels toward or repulsed from the nucleus

33
Q

atomic mass

A

The mass of an atomic particle expressed in AMU

34
Q

mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus

35
Q

Composition of an atom

diagram

A

-

35
Q

Define Radioactive

A

The spontaneous emission of radiation in the form of particles and/or gamma rays

35
Q

Half-life

A

The time taken for half of the original number of radioactive atoms to decay (exponential decay) ex polonium’s half life is 0.16 seconds

Chemistry 11 (9 decks)

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