Unit 1-Isotopes Flashcards
What is a radioisotope? Example
An isotope that is unstable. Radioisotopes have too many protons for the number of neutrons that can control them. (hold the nucleus together)
Uranium – 238 is an example it emits radiation
What is Isotopic notation?
Mass number in top left corner
Atomic number in the bottom left corner
top right corner is charge
Do an isotopic notation question
Go
ARAM question
Did you remember units?
What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha beta and gamma
Draw the symbol for Alpha
Fish
Draw the symbol for Beta
B
What is the symbol for gamma?
Taurus
What happens to the nucleus when an alpha particle is released?
Loss of two neutrons and two protons
What happens to the nucleus when a beta particle is released?
A neutron is converted into a proton and an electron is released from the nucleus
What happens when a GammaRay is released?
The nucleus lowers in energy
What is the penetration in the air for an alpha particle and an effective barrier?
A few centimeters and a piece of paper
What is the penetration air for a beta particle and what is an effective barrier?
A few meters in 1 to 2 mm of metal
What is the penetration in the air of a gamma ray and what is an effective barrier?
It is unlimited and 1 metre of lead or concrete.
What is a beta particle?
A fast-moving electron from the nucleus
What is an alpha particle?
Positively charged nuclear particle it looks like helium
What is a Gamma Ray?
Energy released from an atomic nucleus
Half life question
Hi
Alpha or beta question
.
What is an isotope? Example
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are isotopes of each other
Li-6 Li-7
what are the benefits and risks of radioisotopes?
useful in screening cancer and X-rays causes damage to living tissue can result in mutation radiation sickness cancer and death
what is carbon-14 dating used for and how does it work?
it is used to measure the amount of time since organism died
using the ratio of carbon-14 atoms.
using the half life of carbon we can use the amount left to calculate the amount of time that has passed.
Draw Bohr diagrams
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ARAM
Average Relative Atomic Mass
The masses on the periodic table are averages.
Out of 1000 atoms
Radioisotopes
what do neutrons do to stabilize the nucleus?
While protons repel each other,
neutrons keep them apart and exert an attractive force (QUARKS)
there is an ideal ratio
ion
an atom that has required a charge as result of losing or gaining electrons
atom
The smallest particle of an element which still retains the elements’ properties
atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus
proton
A positively charged particle in the nucleus with the mass of 1 AMU
neutron
A neutral particle (change zero) in the nucleus with the mass of one AMU
electron
A negatively charged particle outside the nucleus with a very small mass
Zeff
The attractive force an electron feels toward or repulsed from the nucleus
atomic mass
The mass of an atomic particle expressed in AMU
mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus
Composition of an atom
diagram
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Define Radioactive
The spontaneous emission of radiation in the form of particles and/or gamma rays
Half-life
The time taken for half of the original number of radioactive atoms to decay (exponential decay) ex polonium’s half life is 0.16 seconds
