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criminology unit 2 > unit 4- sociological theories and evaluation > Flashcards

unit 4- sociological theories and evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

whats the definition of socialisation

A

the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society

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2
Q

whats the definition of capitalism

A

an economic & political system in which a countries trade and industry are controlled by private owns for profit

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3
Q

whats the definition of oppression

A

prolonged cruel of unjust treatment or exercise of authority

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4
Q

whats the definition of exploitation

A

the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work

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5
Q

whats the definition of stereotyping

A

a widely held but fixed and over simplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

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6
Q

whats the definition of moral panic

A

an instance of public anxiety or alarm in response to a problem regarded as threatening. it is the moral standards of society

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7
Q

whats the definition of conservatism

A

commitment to traditional values and idea with opposition to change

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8
Q

whats the definition of liberalism

A

the holding of the liberal views

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9
Q

whats the definition of utilitarian and non utilitarian crime

A

utilitarian crime are things such as fraud and money laundering. non utilitarian crimes are vandalism and property crime

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10
Q

whats the definition of relative deprivation

A

the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in society

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11
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that family have on social institutions

A
  • support, primary socialisation
  • it gives people something to focus on
  • may want to make them proud
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12
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that workplace have on social institutions

A
  • earn money so you can provide
  • people may enjoy their jobs
  • tax helps society
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13
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that criminal justice system have on social institutions

A
  • shows people what not to do
  • gives society rules to abide by
  • shows whats right and wrong
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14
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that education have on social institutions

A
  • everyday life skills, get qualifications
  • to teach people so they can get aspire to be something
  • teach what you shouldn’t do
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15
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that health care have on social institutions

A
  • to look after people
  • better quality of life
  • to look after people
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16
Q

what are 3 examples of functions that religion have on social institutions

A
  • gives people belief in life and how life should be led
  • gives people guidance as they believe
  • rules and regulations to follow
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17
Q

why does society need crime

A

without crime many people would have no jobs. also crime may reform the person to be a better person and help others who are likely to go down that path.

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18
Q

what are the 3 ways functionalism as a sociological theory and how it links to crime

A
  • believe that society works has a structure
  • society made up of different parts that help the overall system work
  • people get on and work together because there is an agreement with right and wrong in society, agree on values of culture.
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19
Q

what are the three essential functions that crime provides society, according to Durkheim

A
  • responding to deviancy promotes social solidarity
  • responding to deviancy maintains social boundaries and affirms cultural values
  • deviancy encourages social change
20
Q

summaries the function ‘responding to deviancy promotes social solidarity’ and provide an example

A

it emphasises the interdependence between individuals in society, which allows individual to feel that they can enhance the lives of others. when people break the law but society is the victim, it then brings society together

21
Q

what is an example that proves the responding to deviancy promotes social solidarity

A

bank robberies, they all work individually but all as a team to get the same results

22
Q

summarise the function ‘ responding to deviancy maintains social boundaries and affirm cultural values

A

established social rules that are considered typical because most people in society agree that they are reasonable ways to live. the ways society maintains distinction between themselves and others. crime is linked to morality, it reinforces boundaries of society

23
Q

what is an example that proves the responding to deviancy maintains social boundaries and affirms cultural values

A

vandalism and anti social behaviour as majority of people agree vandalism is bad and don’t do it

24
Q

summarise the function ‘deviancy encourages social change’

A

refers to any significant alteration overtime in behaviour patterns and cultural values and norms by significant alteration, sociologist mean changes yielding profound social consequences, deviance helps society to evolve

25
Q

what is an example that proves the ‘deviancy encourages social change’

A

capital punishment as over time the laws have changed regarding it

26
Q

what are 3 advantages of durkheim’s approach to crime and deviance

A
  • social integration- social cohesion
  • looks to society for explanation of crime rather than biological makeup of the individual
  • argued that a certain amount of crime is necessary for society to function
27
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of durkheim’s approach to crime and deviance

A
  • didn’t explain why some groups were more prone to deviance
  • doesn’t account for dysfunctional crime
28
Q

what does anomie mean

A

feeling of unease which occurs during periods of rapid social upheaval/ transition

29
Q

how does the term anomie link to society being dysfunctional

A

people may turn to crime as unaware how to behave

30
Q

explain what the culturally accepted goals of society are

A

we aim to strive for, or value consensus, for example to become a business man

31
Q

explain what the legitimate means for achieving the goals are

A

provided by society eg education and employment

32
Q

how do the goals and mean link to the idea of strain

A

goals are set out but the means are unreasonable circumstances are dependent for example poverty

33
Q

summarise merton’s strain theory

A

members of society are different places so not everyone has the same ability to achieve the culturally accepted goals. they may accept it, but not have the structural means available to them to reach it. metsons theory is called the strain due to the strain put on society

34
Q

what are the 5 reactions to strain

A
  • conformity
  • innovation
  • ritualism
  • retreatism
  • rebellion
35
Q

what are the 3 criminal reactions to strain

A
  • innovation
  • retreatism
  • rebellion
36
Q

what are the 2 non criminal reactions to strain

A
  • conformity

- ritualism

37
Q

what is the least common to strain

A

retreatism

38
Q

does the reaction conformity accept or reject the goals and the means

A

they accept both

39
Q

does the reaction innovation accept or reject the goals and the means

A

they accept goals but reject means

40
Q

does the reaction ritualism accept or reject the goals and the means

A

they reject goals but accept means

41
Q

does the reaction retreatism accept or reject the goals and the means

A

they reject both

42
Q

does the reaction rebellion accept or reject the goals and the means

A

they reject both

43
Q

describe conformity

A

follows norms and values as society

44
Q

describe innovation

A

new method/ idea

45
Q

describe ritualism

A

traditional or fixed way of behaving

46
Q

describe retreatism

A

they reject both the means and goals

47
Q

describe rebellion

A

actions or process of resisting authority

criminology unit 2 (3 decks)

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