Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

criminology unit 2 > unit 1- social construction of criminality > Flashcards

unit 1- social construction of criminality Flashcards

1
Q

what are values

A

rules shared by most people in a given culture, it is what people feel should happen. they are more general guidelines thans norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an example of values

A

respecting the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are norms

A

they are social expectations that guides behaviour and explains why people act in the way that they do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an example of norms

A

in the UK we wear black to funerals but in China they wear white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are moral codes

A

morals or good ways of behaving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what would breaking moral codes be seen as by society

A

considered serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are moral codes dependent on

A

values held by society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an example of moral codes

A

respecting people; using manners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is deviance

A

any behaviour that violates social or cultural norms or accepted standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the three types of deviant behaviour

A
  • admired behaviour
  • odd behaviour
  • bad behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the definition of admired behaviour

A

it is behaviour that other people in society will look up to and want to replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the definition of odd behaviour

A

behaviour that some people will think is strange or abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the definition of bad behaviour

A

behaviour that is morally wrong and society would disapprove of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of behaviour are criminologists most concerned with and why

A

bad behaviour because it may lead to the broken windows theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the legal definition of crime

A

any action or behaviour that is forbidden by criminal law, and for which you can be punished by the legal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are examples of crime under the legal definition

A
  • murder
  • burglary
  • GBH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is actus reus

A

action or conduct which is a constituent element of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does actus reus mean

A

guilty act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is mens rea

A

the intention or knowledge of wrongdoing that constitutes part of a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does mens rea mean

A

guilty mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 2 exceptions to the principle of actus rea and mens rea

A
  • self defence

- strict liability

22
Q

what is self defence

A

the defence of one’s person or interests which is permitted in certain cases an answer to a charge of violent crime

23
Q

what is strict liability

A

it is the imposition of liability on a party without finding a fault. it is also liability which doesn’t depend on actual negligence or intent to harm

24
Q

what are the 6 types of criminal act

A
  • fatal offences against the person
  • non fatal offences against the person
  • offences against property
  • sexual offence
  • public order offences
  • drug offences
25
Q

what is an example of fatal offences against the person

A

murder, manslaughter

26
Q

what is an example of non fatal offences against the person

A

assault, battery, GBH, ABH

27
Q

what is an example of offences against the property

A

theft, robbery, burglary

28
Q

what is an example of sexual offences

A

rape, indecent assault

29
Q

what is an example of public order offences

A

riot, affray, violent disorder

30
Q

what is an example of drug offences

A

possession of a controlled drug, possession with intent to supply

31
Q

does what constitutes crime and deviance differ between societies

A

crime, such as arranged marriages, are illegal in the UK but in other countries it is socially acceptable

32
Q

what crimes are typically disapproved of in our society

A

fatal and sexual offences

33
Q

how can social definitions of crime change around the world

A

in some cultures some thing are more accepted than others, for example in LA cannabis is legal but in the UK it is illegal

34
Q

what does crime is socially constructed mean

A

it means that crime can vary depending on the situation in which it takes place, and the views of the people in that society, and is not simply define by what is legal/illegal according to the actual criminal law

35
Q

what is a sanction

A

it is being punished for doing wrong/ negative behaviour, can be criminal or deviant

36
Q

what are formal sanctions

A

are actions that are legalized and official in nature and enforced by an authoritative

37
Q

what is an example of formal sanctions

A

law enforcement

38
Q

who imposes the formal sanctions

A

police, courts, schools

39
Q

what are informal sanctions

A

rules or norms that are unwritten and not enforced by an official authority

40
Q

what is an example of informal sanctions

A

shaming, ridicule and disapproving looks

41
Q

what are 4 examples of formal sanctions for deviance

A
  • fines
  • imprisonment
  • court sanctions
  • non court sanctions
42
Q

what are 6 examples of informal sanctions for deviance

A
  • frowning upon behaviour
  • name calling
  • ignoring behaviour
  • labelling behaviour
  • parents grounding a child
  • bullying
43
Q

what are the 2 categories for formal sanctions for criminal behaviour

A
  • non court

- court

44
Q

what is a non court sanction

A

they are crimes that don’t require court. this is because they are petty

45
Q

what are cautions

A

they are administered by the police for minor crimes such as graffiti on a bus shelter

46
Q

what do you have to admit or what will happen if you don’t admit it

A

you have to admit on offence and agree to be cautioned; otherwise you can be arrested for the offence

47
Q

what are conditional cautions

A

they are given by the police but you have to agree to certain rules and restrictions such as receiving treatment for drug abuse or repairing damage to a property

48
Q

what are penalty notices

A

you can only get one if you are older than 18 or over. the offender signs a penalty and agrees to pay the amount stated

49
Q

what is a custodial sentence

A

where you are immediately sent to prison

50
Q

what is the difference between mandatory and discretionary life sentences

A

discretionary life sentences is where the judge has a choice about the sentence. mandatory is where the sentence is a life sentence but the minimum sentence may vary

51
Q

what is the difference between fixed terms and immediate prison sentences

A

fixed is a sentence of imprisonment for a specific or minimum period specified by statute. immediate doesn’t have a fixed length of time

criminology unit 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions