Unit 4 sections 1-2 Flashcards
Anaphylaxis
Most severe type of allergic response; systemic release of histamine; depends on route of exposure, dosage and frequency of exposure
What intercellular changes occur when IgE binds to antigen? What are 3 mediators?
Degranulation of mast cell with IgE on surface, release of histamine and other mediators; histamine, heparin, Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), Neutrophil chemotactic factor, proteases, Platelet activating factor (PAF), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Leukotrienes and cytokines
What is the difference between immediate and delayed sensitivity?
seconds to minutes between exposure to antigen and onset of clinical symptoms
several hours to develop symptoms
What are the most common testing for immediate hypersensitivity?
Direct skin testing
Microarray
Screening tests-RIST and RAST
AB ID
Direct/Indirect Coombs for Type 2
Agglutination runs for Type 3
Category 1 Immunodeficiency name and general defect
Combined immunodeficiency; defect in cellular AND humoral
Category 2 Immunodeficiency name and general defect
Combined Immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features; Defects in cell mediated immunity with effects on humoral and nonimmunologic problems
Category 3 Immunodeficiency name and general defect
Predominantly Ab deficiencies; Antibody defects
Category 5 Immunodeficiency name and general defect
Congenital defects of phagocytic number and/or function; phagocyte ability defect
Category 8 Immunodeficiency name and general defect
Compelement deficiencies; defects affecting complement pathway
Ataxia-Telangiectasia: Defect and lab findings
2; Gene defect 11q22 (AR); IgM inc, T cells dec; variable dec: IgG2 IgA and IgE
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase deficiency: Defect and lab findings
3; Tyrosine kinase deficiency in pro-B cell stage leads to lack of mature B cells (XL); No B cells or immunoglobulins
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Defect and lab findings
5: abnormal neutrophil phagocytosis due to NADPH oxidase issue; immunoglobulin, neutrophil and WBC inc, sometime RBC dec
Common variable Immunodeficiency (CVI): Defect and lab findings
3; B cells can’t produce IgA/G enough; IgA and IgG dec.
Complement Deficiencies: Defect and lab findings
8; Deficiencies in C1q, C4 and C2*, C5-9 (AR); Complement dec.
DiGeorge anomoly: Defect and lab findings
2; Thymic problems during embryo development leads to low T cells; Low T cell count
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Defect and lab findings
5; Inability to generate enough NADPH leads to defect in hydrogen peroxide production (Enzyme deficiency); G6P Dehydrogenase dec, anemia
Graft vs. Host Disease: Defect and lab findings
2; defect in T cell system allows donor lymphocytes to take over; CBC (WBC) inc, liver function test, serum electrolytes
IgA deficiency: Defect and lab findings
3: Low number of B cells that can’t produce IgA; B cell and IgA dec.
IgG subclass deficiency: Defect and lab findings
3; abnormal distribution of IgG subclasses; IgG dec or specific subclass dec. only
Myeloperoxidase deficiency: Defect and lab findings
5; Deficiency of myeloperoxidase; Enzyme dec., In MP stain, no red in neutrophils
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID): Defect and lab findings
1; No T cells with some w/B some w/o B; T-B+-NK+-, if no B cells, degreased Ig
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS): Defect and lab findings
2; Antigen processing defect (XL) WAS protein CD43; IgM and T cells dec. , small/low number of platelets
Type 1 Hypersensitivity: Mediator and Immune mechanism
IgE; cell bound IgE due to sensitization reacts with antigen then release cytokines and other chemicals
Type 1 Hypersensitivity: Disease example and tests to ID
Food allergies; Direct skin testing, Total IgE or Ag specific measurement, Screening test: total-RIST and specific-RAST, Microarray
Type 2 Hypersensitivity: Mediator and Immune mechanism
IgG/IgM; free antibody reacts Ag on cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity: Disease example and tests to ID
Transfusion run, Hemolytic disease, Hashimotos, Graves, Type 1 Diabetes; Direct/Indirect Coombs, Ab ID:TPO and anti-MuSK
Type 3 Hypersensitivity: Mediator and Immune mechanism
IgG/IgM; Ab and Ag react to form complexes that precipitate in the tissues, bind complement
Type 3 Hypersensitivity: Disease example and tests to ID
SLE, RA; Agglutination rxns (RBC/latex), EIA (Ab ID), Histologic, Complement levels
Type 4 Hypersensitivity: Mediator and Immune mechanism
T cell; Hapten binds to carrier protein, the complex is engulfed by APC, MHC II receptor produced to react with T cell, subsequent exposure cause T cell to release cytokines
Type 4 Hypersensitivity: Disease example and tests to ID
Poison ivy/oak, TB, Herpes, allograft rejection; Skin test, PPD test (TB), chest Xray (TB), Biopsy
