Unit 4 Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment Flashcards
Definition Scientific method
A process used by scientists to study the world around them
Definition of Natural Law
A rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
Who is Aristotle
Was a brilliant intellect and philosopher
When did the scientific revolution begin?
1500’s
How were things before the scientific revolution
People accepted the teachings of the Catholic Church as the truth
When did Copernicus live?
1473-1543
What did Copernicus write?
He wrote on the revolutions of celestial spheres
But did not allow it to be published until the time of his death in 1543 because he feared persecution by the Catholic Church
Heliocentric theory
The sun was the center of the universe
Who is Johan Kepler
Lived from 1571-1630
Was a German astronomer and mathematician who made important changes to the copernican theory of the universe
What did Kepler believe
That some force held the plants in their orbits and that a similar force held the moon to the earth
Who came up with the heliocentric theory?
Copernicus
Who is Galileo?
He live from 1564-1642
He was one of the most important scientist, inventors and astronomers of the scientific revolution
Albert Einstein called him the father of modern science
How were Galileo’s astrobiology observations made?
Using his improved telescope
What happened with Galileo’s writings?
They were in conflict with the Catholic Church, the Church made him recant or take back, his view and remain under house arrest for the rest of his life
Who is Sir Isaac Newton?
- lived from 1643-1727
- considered one of the most influential men in history for his achievements of the scientific revolution
Name to of Newton’s work on physical motion.
- universal gravitation
- three laws of motion
Who created calculus?
Newton
What British scientist defined gravity
Newton
What scientist author of on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres, believed that the sun is the center of the universe
Copernicus
Who is credited with inventing the scientific method
Bacon
Who came up with the three laws of planetary motion
Kepler
What famous Italian astronomer was convicted of heresy by the inquisition
Galileo
What Danish royal astrologer mapped more than 700 stars
Brahe
Who famously stated “I think therefore I am?”
Descartes
Heliocentric theory and mathematical formulas
Copernicus
Astronomical observation
Brahe
Oval shaped orbits
Kepler
Telescope
Galileo
Geocentric theory
Ptolemy
Gravity; light and color; calculus
Newton
Human Antomy
Adreas vesalius
Social contract theory
A person’s moral or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.
Locke influenced the French Revolution when he argued against
Absolute monarchy
Whose idea on government include
Legislation
Executive
Judicial
Montesquieu
John Locke would most likely disapprove of
Absolute monarchy
Rosseau
Government is a contract between rulers and the people
John Locke
People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty and property
Thomas Hobbes
Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” and consent to government for self protection
Voltair
Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism separation of church and state
Montesquieu
The best form of government includes a separation of powers
