Unit 4 Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment Flashcards

0
Q

Definition Scientific method

A

A process used by scientists to study the world around them

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1
Q

Definition of Natural Law

A

A rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society

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2
Q

Who is Aristotle

A

Was a brilliant intellect and philosopher

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3
Q

When did the scientific revolution begin?

A

1500’s

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4
Q

How were things before the scientific revolution

A

People accepted the teachings of the Catholic Church as the truth

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5
Q

When did Copernicus live?

A

1473-1543

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6
Q

What did Copernicus write?

A

He wrote on the revolutions of celestial spheres
But did not allow it to be published until the time of his death in 1543 because he feared persecution by the Catholic Church

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7
Q

Heliocentric theory

A

The sun was the center of the universe

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8
Q

Who is Johan Kepler

A

Lived from 1571-1630

Was a German astronomer and mathematician who made important changes to the copernican theory of the universe

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9
Q

What did Kepler believe

A

That some force held the plants in their orbits and that a similar force held the moon to the earth

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10
Q

Who came up with the heliocentric theory?

A

Copernicus

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11
Q

Who is Galileo?

A

He live from 1564-1642
He was one of the most important scientist, inventors and astronomers of the scientific revolution
Albert Einstein called him the father of modern science

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12
Q

How were Galileo’s astrobiology observations made?

A

Using his improved telescope

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13
Q

What happened with Galileo’s writings?

A

They were in conflict with the Catholic Church, the Church made him recant or take back, his view and remain under house arrest for the rest of his life

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14
Q

Who is Sir Isaac Newton?

A
  • lived from 1643-1727

- considered one of the most influential men in history for his achievements of the scientific revolution

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15
Q

Name to of Newton’s work on physical motion.

A
  • universal gravitation

- three laws of motion

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16
Q

Who created calculus?

A

Newton

17
Q

What British scientist defined gravity

A

Newton

18
Q

What scientist author of on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres, believed that the sun is the center of the universe

A

Copernicus

19
Q

Who is credited with inventing the scientific method

A

Bacon

20
Q

Who came up with the three laws of planetary motion

A

Kepler

21
Q

What famous Italian astronomer was convicted of heresy by the inquisition

A

Galileo

22
Q

What Danish royal astrologer mapped more than 700 stars

A

Brahe

23
Q

Who famously stated “I think therefore I am?”

A

Descartes

24
Q

Heliocentric theory and mathematical formulas

A

Copernicus

25
Q

Astronomical observation

A

Brahe

26
Q

Oval shaped orbits

A

Kepler

27
Q

Telescope

A

Galileo

28
Q

Geocentric theory

A

Ptolemy

29
Q

Gravity; light and color; calculus

A

Newton

30
Q

Human Antomy

A

Adreas vesalius

31
Q

Social contract theory

A

A person’s moral or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.

32
Q

Locke influenced the French Revolution when he argued against

A

Absolute monarchy

33
Q

Whose idea on government include
Legislation
Executive
Judicial

A

Montesquieu

34
Q

John Locke would most likely disapprove of

A

Absolute monarchy

35
Q

Rosseau

A

Government is a contract between rulers and the people

36
Q

John Locke

A

People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty and property

37
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” and consent to government for self protection

38
Q

Voltair

A

Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism separation of church and state

39
Q

Montesquieu

A

The best form of government includes a separation of powers