Unit 4 review Flashcards
Why do we use anatomical terms?
- precisely describe the location of features on the bod
- ex: Pimple is 2xm superior to the navel
explain anatomical position
- Standing upright, arms at sides, palms forward, feet together
-
defne anatomical position
- standard position in which structures are described
when not to use anatomical position
- Never apply them sitting or upside down or bent over.
What do the left and right sides refer to?
Left and right sides of the person in anatomical position (not you as observer).
Define anterior:
Anterior= front of body
Give an example using anterior
Navel is on anterior surface of body
Define posterior:
Posterior= back of body
Give an example using posterior
Heel is posterior to the toes
Define superior:
Superior= above or towards the head
Give an example using superior
Point A is superior to point B
Define inferior:
Inferior= below or towards the feet
Give an example using inferior
Point C is inferior to point B
What is the special rule about proximal and distal
Only use when describing 2 points on the SAME limb (arm or leg)
Define proximal:
Proximal= closer to where arm or leg insert into body (shoulder, hip)
Define distal:
Distal= further away from where arm or leg inserts into body
Give an example of proximal from the video:
Knee is proximal to ankle
Give an example of distal from the video:
Wrist is distal to elbow
What does midline refer to?
Midline refers to imaginary line that cuts the body in half vertically
Define medial:
Medial= closer to midline
Define lateral:
Lateral= farther from midline
Your thumb is — to your pinky finger.
lateral
Describe the position of the nose relative (compared to) the eyes
The nose are:
inferior to the eyes
medial to midline
Anterior to the eyes
Why are sections/planes used?
Sections/planes are used for cutting the body into slices. Observe body at different angles
Define the sagittal plane:
Sagittal plane= vertical cut that divides the body into left and right portions
Midsagittal plane=
if cut is through midline
para-sagilital=
if the cut is off from midline
What parts does the frontal plane divide?
The frontal plane are sideway cuts that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
What parts does the transverse plane divide?
The transverse plane horizontally cuts the body into superior and inferior portions
What does the oblique plane refer to?
The oblique plane refers to any diagonal section of the body
The head is —– to the abdomen.
superior
The back is — to the chest.
posterior
The thumb is —- to the elbow.
distal, inferior and lateral
The face is to the back of the head.
anterior
The neck is —- relative to the head.
inferior
The esophagus is (behind) —- to the trachea.
posterior
The hip is —- to the umbilicus (navel or belly button).
inferior and lateral
Abdomin (o)
Related to the abdomen
Aden (o)
Gland
Arthr (o)
Joint
Bronch (i) (o)
bronchi / bronchus
Cardi (o)
Heart
Chol (e)
Bile
Encephal (o)
Head/ brain
Cerebr (o)
Brain
Col (o)
Colon, large intestine
Crani (o)
Skull
Cyst (o)
Bladder, cyst
Cyt (o)
Cell
Dermat (o)
Skin
Dent (i) (o)
Tooth
Enter (o)
Small intestine
Gastr (o)
Stomach
Hem (o)
Blood
Gyn (ec, o)
Woman/Female reproductive system
Hepat (o)
Liver
Hyster (o)
Uterus
Laryng (o)
Larynx
Mast (o)
Breast
My (o)
Muscle
Neur (o)
Nerve
nephr (o)
kidney
Ot (o)
ear
Pharyng (o)
throat, pharynx
Pneum (o)
Lung, air, gas
Proct (o)
Rectum (procedures)
Psych
Mind
Pulm
Relating to the lungs
Py (o)
Pus
Rect (o)
Rectum (organ)
Thorac (o)
Chest
Trache (i) (o)
Trachea
Ur (o)
Urine, urinary tract, urination
Urin (o)
urine
Mening
Meninges
Osteo
bone
Ped
children
Toxic (o)
posion
Glyc
sugar
Algia
pain
hydr
water
itis
inflammation
ectomy
removal of
gram
The record of function
logy
The study of
oma
tumor
otomy
Opening of, incision into
emia
blood
plegia
paralysis
pnea
breathing
scope
A tool used to examine
scopy
The examination done with a scope
algia
pain
Suffixes
go at the END of a root word
Example with itis with root word
- Appendicitis, meningitis, arthritis, hepatitis
- Inflammation of the appendix, meninges, joint, liver
Example with ectomy with root word
- Appendectomy, hysterectomy, mastectomy
- Removal of appendix uterus, breast
Example with gram with root word
- Cardiogram, encephalogram, nephrogram
- A record of functioning of heart, brain, kidneys
Example with logy with root word
- Neurology, cardiology, psychology, dermatology
- The study of the nerves, heart, mind skin
Example with oma with root word
- Mastoma, osteoma, hepatoma
- Tumor of the breast bone, liver
Example with otomy with root word
- Colotomy, gastronomy, tracheostomy
- Opening colon, stomach, trachea
Example with emia with root word
- anemia, hypoglycemia
- Lack of blood, low blood sugar
Example with plegia with root word
- Paraplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia
- Paralysis from waist down, Neck down, one sided
Example with pnea with root word
- apnea
- Lack of breathing
Example with scope with root word
- Colonoscopy, otoscope, arthroscopy
- A tool used to examine the colon, ear, joint
Example with scopy with root word
- Colonoscopy, otoscopy, arthroscopy
- Examination with a scope using a colonoscope, otoscope, athroscope
Example with algia with root word
- Myalgia, cardialgia
- Muscle pain, heart pain
a
without/absence of
brady
slow
tachy
fast
dys
painful/ difficulty
hyper
high/ excessive/ above
hypo
low/ deficient
poly
many/ lots
pre
before
post
after
Hemi
one sided
Quad
neck down
Para
waist down
example and meaning of a
- Apepsis, anemia, apnea
- No infection, lack of blood, no breathing
example and meaning of brady
-Bradycardia, bradypnea
- Slow heartbeat, breathing
example and meaning of tachy
- Tachycardia, tachypnea
- Fast heart beat, breathing
example and meaning of dys
- Dyspnea, dysuria
- Painful or difficulty breathing, urinating
example and meaning of hyper
- Hypertension, hyperglycemia
- High blood pressure, high blood sugar
example and meaning of hypo
- Hypotension, hypoglycemia
- Low blood pressure, low blood sugar
example and meaning of poly
- Polyuria, polycystic
- lots of urine, lots of cysts
example and meaning of pre
- preoperative
- Before surgery
example and meaning of post
- postoperative
- After surgery
example and meaning of para
- paraplegia
- waist down paralysis
example and meaning of quad
- quadriplegia
- Neck down paralysis
example and meaning of hemi
- hemiplegia
- One sided paralysis
T
temperature
P
pulse
BP
blood pressure
VS
vital signs
VSS
vital signs stable
VSA
vital signs absent
O2
oxygen
oC
degrees celsius
R
respiration
c̄
with
S̄
without
q
every
c/o
complains of
Sx
symptoms
Dx
diagnosis
Tx
treatment
Rx
prescription
Hx
history
prn
as needed
am
morning
pm
afternoon
stat
immediately
h
hour
q4h
every 4 hours
bid
twice a day
tid
three times a day
qid
four times a day
when not to used qid, tid, bid
You would not state the patient got out of bed bid. It should be used like the patient should do this quid for a month
pt
patient
ROM
range of motion
BR
bed rest
oob
out of bed
amb
Ambulate (to walk)
GI
gastrointestinal
BM
bowel movement
ac
before meals
pc
after meals
BRP
bathroom privileges
po
by mouth
IV
intravenous
w/c
wheelchair
gtts
drops
i
one
ii
two
d/c
discontinue and/or discharge
OR
operating room
NPO
Nothing by mouth
which work Related to Patient Care is used all the time
po
when should i and ii be used
used in reference to medication
1 minute after 24 hours
00:01
midnight
24:00
noon in 24-Hour Clock
in words
12 hundred hours
Quarter past 10 in the night 24 hour clock
22:15
Half past 11 in the evening in 12 hour
11:30pm
Twenty past seven in the morning in 12 hour
7:20pm
what words not to use with proximal and distal
superior and inferior
