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Healthcare > unit 2 review > Flashcards

unit 2 review Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up quality care?

A
  1. PROFESSIONALISM
  2. ETHICAL STANDARDS
  3. LEGAL STANDARDS
  4. CONFIDENTIALITY
  5. REGULATED HEALTH PROFESSIONS ACT
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2
Q

PROFESSIONALISM

A

Punctual
Communicate effectively
Responsible
Respectful

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3
Q

ETHICAL STANDARDS

A

Doing the right thing- even when no one is watching
Ethics: A set of unwritten rules that tells us how to behave

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4
Q
  1. LEGAL STANDARDS
A
  • Protect the patient and worker
  • Always stay in your ‘scope of practice’ (what your are allowed to do in your job based on your qualifications)
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5
Q

CONFIDENTIALITY

A
  • Keeping all information about a patient private
  • Breaching it will get you in trouble! (Legal)
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6
Q

REGULATED HEALTH PROFESSIONS ACT

A
  • Done by ‘colleges’ that regulate each profession
  • Regulates main (26) healthcare professions to protect public
  • Ensuring the workers are qualified
  • Set the scope of practice
  • Deal with complaints
  • 1991
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7
Q

Laprosocpic surgery

A

surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions in the abdominal or pelvic cavities

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8
Q

three incisions of laprosopic sugery

A
  • one for a laparoscope: a telescopic lens system that is connected to a video camera.
  • Two other incisions for the surgical instruments.
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9
Q

what happens in the admonom during lapropsic surgery

A
  • Light is usually provided by a powerful bulb that is piped into the abdominal cavity.
  • The abdomen is insufflated with carbon dioxide gas to create a region large enough to work in and view.
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10
Q

Removols for lapropsic surgery

A

appendix removal: surgical procedure to remove an infected appendix.
Gallbladder Removal
Colon Surgery: the removal of large growths
Stomach Surgery: removal of certain stomach tumors

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11
Q

Gallbladder Removal:

A
  • located under the liver and is used to store the bile that the liver produces to aid in the absorption of foods.
  • Small crystals can enlarge to create stones in the gallbladder.
  • If the flow of bile from the gallbladder becomes obstructed by these stones, gallbladder disease may develop.
  • Without your gallbladder, your liver will still make enough bile to digest your food, but instead of being stored in the gallbladder, it drips continuously into your digestive system.
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12
Q

Genome Editing

A

malaira: virus caused by mosquitoes that feeds off the host.
Researchers have used gene-editing to create mosquitoes that are almost entirely resistant to the parasite that causes malaria.

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13
Q

What is the potential for cancer cells using this technology?

A

Immune system could potentially fight the cancer cells in your body

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14
Q

Robotic Surgeries

A

An automated surgery bot known as the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot has proven capable of performing some surgical procedures on pigs, such as sewing tissue.

The machine operates on its own, but is currently being used with heavy human supervision.

It’s designed to handle some of the more tedious and predictable surgical tasks, rather than full-scale operations on its own, and is nearing availability for human testing.

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15
Q

3D Printing

A

Regenerative Medicine
Meniscus:
- made up of chondrocytes which can come from donors or the patient
- Uses bioink which have hydrogels and living cells.
- A computerized image prints the imag strand by strand

  • Researchers can only print flat and hollow tissues/organs. It is a human trial stage.
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16
Q

Conventional

A
  • Medicine that is practiced by health professionals who hold an M.D.
  • It is also practiced by other healthcare professionals such as physical therapists, physician assistants, psychologists and registered nurses.
  • May be also called allopathic, Western, mainstream, standard care medical care, orthodox or regular medicine
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17
Q

Complimentary/Alternative Medicine:

A
  • these practices generally are not considered part of standard medical approaches
  • Standard treatments go through long and careful research processes to prove they are safe and effective, but less is known about most types of complementary and alternative medicine.
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18
Q

Complimentary Medicine:

A
  • Treatments that are used along with standard medical treatments but not considered to be standard treatment. - One example is using acupuncture to help lessen some side effects of cancer
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19
Q

Alternative Medicine:

A

Treatments that are used instead of standard medical treatments. One example is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of anticancer drugs prescribed by an oncologist.

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20
Q

Conventional treatments

A

Known:
Medication
Surgery
Destrity
Stitches
Casts
Not known:
Speech Therapy
Psychological counseling
Physiotherapy
Physical therapy

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21
Q

CAM treatments

A

Acupuncture
Pet Therapy
Yoga
Reiki
Cupping
Naturopathy
Massage therapy
Herbal medicine
Art therapy
Chiropractic care

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22
Q

Does natural always mean safe

A

No
- Some CAM therapies include a wide variety of plants/herbs
- Many of these ‘natural’ products are considered to be safe because they are produced by nature
- Ex. the herb St. John wort, which some people use for depression may cause certain cancer drugs to not work
- Ex. the herb kava kava, used to help stress and anxiety may cause liver damage

23
Q

What was the view in the past between medical practitioners and CAM practitioners?

A
  • Doctors often through that CAM practitioners were ‘shysters’ or ‘quacks’
  • CAM practitioners through that mainstream doctors rely too much on potentially dangerous drugs and surgery, and being so over specialized in particular area that they failed to treat the patient as a whole (holistic care)
24
Q

What is the current trend? of CAM and starnard

A

People recognizing that both types of treatments and practice have a place in the healthing process

25
Q

What happened in 1910?

A
  • This changed in 1910 when strict standards based on scientific principles were adopted t medical schools
  • This created an even bigger divide between medical doctors and alternative practitioners
26
Q

When was homeopathy invented and what was the belief?

A

Homeopathy was invented in the late 18th century
The belief was that if you culture a toxin, it will become the cure to that toxin. It is like magic and like cures like. Claims that water can remember something.

27
Q

How does homeopathy claim to work?

A

Homeopathy claims to work by diluting a toxin in large amounts of water/alcohol to create water/sugar. This diluted substance would be the cure to the toxin.

28
Q

What is the consensus on homeopathy according to doctors and scientists?

A

The consensus on homeopathy according to doctors and scientists is that it does not work. There is no evidence to support that it works. It also does more harm than good as someone may use this in place of actual medicine or vaccines.

29
Q

Multidisciplinary Teams

A

Working together can reduce the number of medical errors and increases patient safety
Collaboration also reduces issues that lead to burnout
Breaks down the traditional hierarchy of healthcare professionals, Everyone has their specialty and unique skill set.

30
Q

What are the differences between old and new model

A

In the new one everyones equal , no one is above each other
The Nurses are at the bottom, while doctors are at the top
The old model is a fixed hierarchy
Everyone helps each other out in the new model
Everyone can bring their own skill sets

31
Q

Holistic Health Care:

A

Holistic health care is an approach to health care that treats the “whole” person, not simply symptoms and disease.

32
Q

3 trends in healthcare

A

Genome Editing
Robotic Surgeries
3D Printing

33
Q

RHPA

A

REGULATED HEALTH PROFESSIONS ACT

34
Q

Regulatory collage

A

legal entits
created to protect the public’s right to safe, competent, ethical health care.
Each College holds its registered health care professionals accountable for their conduct and practice.

35
Q

What are they responsible for?

A
  • Setting and enforcing standards and guidelines for the practice and conduct of their members.
  • Making sure that regulated health professionals meet their training and educational standards before they can practice or use a professional title.
  • Developing programs to help members continually improve their skills and knowledge, upholding the quality of care.
  • Acting when the public has a concern about their health care.
36
Q

What does RHPA

A
  • It outlines what the scope of practice is for your profession. (What you can do based on your training.)
  • It outlines the structure of the ‘regulatory colleges’
  • It outlines how complaints are dealt with by the colleges.
  • It reviews decisions made by colleges and offers appeals of registration decisions.
  • It offers advice and guidance to the Ministry of Health regarding the regulation of Health Professions.
37
Q

malpastic

A

failure to provide proper care which results in physical or emotional harm to the client.

38
Q

laproscopic surgery history

A
  • 1901 berlin
  • German surgeon Georg Kelling, peered into the abdomen of a dog after first insufflating it with air.
  • become mainstream in 1990s
39
Q

wellness

A

Wellness is practicing healthy habits to keep your mental and physical health healthy. This also means being able to practice almost all 8 dimensions of wellness.

40
Q

regenerative medicine

A

replacing/regenerating new cells, tissues and organs to the body.

41
Q

3 helathcare trends

A

technology
patient centered care
wellness

42
Q

social determinants of health

A

non- medical factors that influence health outcomes. They are conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, age, which shape the conditions of daily life.

43
Q

examples of SHD

A

Immigrants
People with disabilities
Women
Youth
People with low literacy
- housing, food, education, labugae,

44
Q

why do you need to know whole client

A

It is important to know your “whole” client and how different aspects of their life may be affecting their health. This is called HOLISTIC healthcare.

45
Q

What percentage do the SHD impact health?

A

that the social determinants can be more important than health care or lifestyle choices in influencing health. SDH account for between 30-55% of health outcomes.

46
Q

inequalities in health

A

Inequities in health are socially determined, preventing poorer populations from moving up in society and making the most of their potential.

47
Q

What is the difference between equality and equity?

A

Equality is giving people the same amount and not based on what they need
Equity is giving people what they need

48
Q

What is Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A

ocioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation

49
Q

care planning process

A

Take a history
Do physical examination
Use diagnostic tests: Identify the illness if possible: FEVER: not an illness it is a SIGN
Make a diagnosis
Give treatments
Monitor: Retake some diagnostic test to see if treatment worked or you had diagnosis right
Evaluate the effect of treatment. If it doesn’t work, go back and try different treatments/diagnosis.

H- Henry
E- Eats
D- Dunkin
D- Donuts
T- too
M- much
E- everyday

50
Q

Take a history

A

What is the complaint? Find out background information.
Previous medical history, age, medications, allergies, weight/height, diet, smoking, alcohol use, drugs, environment, activity level (SEDENTARY; not active), sleep, relationships, jobs, school

51
Q

Do physical examination

A

look for clues to the problem:
VITAL SIGNS: First clue something is wrong.
Blood Pressure
Heart Beat
Breathing
Temp.
LOOK: Signs are things you see: rash, bruise, protruding bone, red throat
LISTEN: AUSCULTATE means listening with a stethoscope: heartbeat, bowl sounds, breathing
FEEL: PALPATE means feel: pain, lumps, bumps, dislocation
SMELL: Foul odor: means probable infection

52
Q

Give treatments

A

Conventional and CAM: Combination of both if possible is the best approach. Do not give too many treatments at once, they could negatively interact with each other. You also want to determine one that actually worked.

53
Q

KEY POINTS of care planning

A
  • This plan is ‘inquiry’ based to ensure a methodical scientific approach to solving medical problems, similar to the scientific method.
  • Communication by use of a centralized system (patient chart - written notes and computerized) is essential so everyone knows the plan and can add information for others to consider
  • Effective care planning and documentation leads to HIGH QUALITY CARE

Healthcare (6 decks)

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