Unit 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
O2 path
environment -> lungs -> blood -> body tissue
CO2 path
body tissue -> blood -> lungs -> environment
general function of respiratory system
obtain O2 for use by body cells and eliminate CO2 body cell production
two separate but related respiratory system processes
- internal respiration
- expiration respiration
internal respiration
- cellular respiration within the mitochondria for aerobic energy
- oxidative phosphorylation
- an exchange of gases between the cells of the body and the blood
external respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and body tissues
O2% in air
21
nitrogen % in air
79
external respiration steps
ventilation definiton
gas exchange between the atmosphere and alveoli in the lungs
does the brain control the atria and ventricles contracting simultaneously
no, no neural input
ways to lower resting heart rate
exercise
average heart rate
70
average breaths per minute
12
average heart size
6L
secondary functions of respiratory system
- short term regulation of pH (acid-base balance)
- enable speech, singing, and other vocalizations
- defend against pathogens in airways
- removes, modifies, activates or inactivates materials passing through pulmonary circulation
- eliminate heat and water
- assist venous return
- nose is the smell organ
why do we humidify the air we breathe
to help gas exchange
upper airway anatomy and labeled
- nasal cavity (nose)
- oral cavity
- pharynx
does the pharynx allow passage of food/drink or air
both
conducting zone anatomy and labeled
- larynx
- glottis
- trachea
- cartilage rings
- left lung
- right lung
- primary bronchi
- secondary bronchi
- tertiary bronchi
- terminal bronchioles
- diaphragm
- terminal bronchiole
respiratory zone anatomy and labeled
- terminal bronchiole
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar sac
- alveoli
alveoli
- site of gas exchange
- high capillary net
- pores of kohn
trachea structure
- 2.5 cm diameter
- 10 cm long
- c-shaped cartilage bands for structural rigidity
primary bronchi structure
- right and left
- rings of cartilage