Unit 4-resourses Flashcards
What are the 5 major resource industries in Canada?
Energy: Canada ranks in the top 5 in the world for production of natural gas and electricity.
Farming
Fishing
Forestry: nearly 10% of the world’s forests are found in Canada
Mining
Water: Canada holds 20% of the world’s fresh water
What are renewable resources?
A resource that can be replenished within a human lifetime.
What is a Non-renewable resource?
A resource that cannot be replenished within a human lifetime.
What is sustainable development?
Managing natural resources so that future generations will be able to use them.
How do we over use trees and how can we be more sustainable?
Overuse: People over harvest them from their own needs (wood, making furniture etc..) Forest fires. A lot of forest fires happen which kill a lot of trees daily Cut down trees and don't replant them Harming younger trees Sustainable: Replant Be caution when you are in a forest area Recycle Replacement (iPad instead of paper) Use the whole tree
How do we over use fish and how can we be more sustainable?
Overuse:
Population of some fish species are going down due to over harvesting.
They have new technology where it’s easier to get fish which can also result in over harvesting
We waste perfect rural land to store fish
Pollution
Waste water
Drouts
Oil spills
Sustainable:
Harvest all different types of fish so your not only getting the same type of fish that could make them endangered
Have a harvesting limit so people know when to stop
Don’t pollute (decrease motor use)
Through the fish back in the water after fishing
Try to use the whole fish
How do we over use water and how can we be more sustainable?
Over use: Pollution Waste water Drouts Oil spills Sustainable: Don't pollute Don't litter Use water wisely
How do we over use energy and how can we be more sustainable?
Overuse: Wasting it Wasting land for wind turbines Sustainable: Turn off light when not using Be aware of the footprint our energy will take up Alternative energy sources (wind) But energy efficient appliances Develop laws to use energy more efficiently
How do we over use soil (agriculture) and how can we be more sustainable?
Overuse: They use a lot of land (11 billion hectares) Deforestation Construction and development Climate change Excessive rain Pollution Salt gets into soil (kill trees) Over use. Sustainable: Put fertilizer Put compost Do organic farming (non Gmn foods)
List 5 major types of farms in Canada?
Wheat farming Cattle raising Dairy farming Tender fruit farming Vegetable farming
In the past how many Canadiens live in rural areas?
82%
Now how many Canadiens are farmers?
3%
What is extensive farming?
Farm size: large
Amount of labour: a lot of machinery and few workers
Technology based
What is intensive farming?
Farm size: small
Amount of labour: highly specialized labour and equipment
How can untreated manure pollute the environment?
Rain can wash it into rivers, streams, and wells, polluting humans drinking water.
What are the 3 methods of cutting forest? Advantages and disadvantages.
Clear cutting: cutting down whole areas. Advantages: easy, quick and cheap disadvantages: new trees won’t grow, tourism suffers (eyesore)
Shelterwood logging: leaves small pockets of trees. Advantages: reproduction is more certain, higher quality growth, looks better and better use of site. Disadvantage: damages trees, soil compaction, tree loss and soil erosion
Selective cutting: pick only certain trees to cut down. People who make furniture do this
What are the 3 main fisherys in Canada?
Atlantic: accounts for 78.5% of Canada’s total fish catch. Made up of inshore and offshore fishing.
Pacific: accounts for 18.5% of Canada’s total. Most important catch is salmon.
Freshwater: occurs in the heat lakes, lake Winnipeg and Great Salve Lake. Accounts for 3% of Canada’s total fish catch.
What are problems effecting the fishing industry?
- Large commercial boats
2. Large nets used for trawling
Canada contains how much of the worlds fresh water?
20%
What do Canadiens depend on water for?
Hydroelectricity Municipal uses Transportation Recreation Irrigation Manufacturing
How does wind power work? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
How does it work: renewable, always available
Advantages: cleanest energy form, doesn’t pollute air, easily renewable.
Disadvantages: fossil fuels are more convient, hard to transport, nosy and turbines can harm birds and other wildlife.
How does solar energy work? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
How does it work: energy that comes from the sun and renewable
Advantages: renewable, sustainable, green and independcy
Disadvantages: expensive, takes up a lot of space, sun doesn’t go all day and shortage of tech
What are alternative energy sources?
Tidal power Solar energy Geothermal energy Wind power Biomass energy Fuel cells Hydroelectricity Nuclear power Thermal electric (fossil fuels)
What is conventional energy?
A well established source of energy that has been used for a long period of time.
What is alternative energy?
Clean and renewable forms of energy used instead of conventional energy sources.
What are metallic minerals?
A metallic mineral is a mineral with high specific gravity and metallic lustre. In general, the metallic minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity eg. Cobalt Copper Gold
Explain the use of 3 metallic minerals?
Gold, silver, platinum: mined for beauty and rarity
Iron: valued for its strength
Copper: used for electrical wire
What types of rock are associated with metallic minerals?
Metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
What physical/landforms region has the largest supply of metallic minerals?
Canadian Shield
Cordillera where iron is found
Appalachian region where zinc is found
What are fossil fuels?
Mainly remains of marine animals and plant life
Eg. Coal natural gases and oil
What are fossil fuels used for?
Cars
Airplanes
Heat our homes
What type of rock is associated with fossil fuels?
Sedimentary rocks
What physical region contains significant deposits of fossil fuels?
Interior planes
What are non-metallic minerals?
Is a rock or other naturally occurring material of economic value.
Eg. Gravel, gypsum and potash
Describe the uses for 3 non metallic minerals.
Gravel: is a major ingredient in cement, which is used in the construction of must building
Gypsum: is a clay-like material used to make sheet sheet of drywall that are used to construct most interior
Potash: is a slat-like material used to make fertilizer.
What type of rock is associated with non-Metallic minerals?
All of them
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
What physical/landform regions contain significant deposits of non-metallic minerals?
Canadian Shield, interior plains, Canadian Cordillera, Appalachian and Innuitian
What are the 3 mining?
Strip mining
Open pit mining
Underground mining
Under what conditions would strip mine be used to exploit a mineral resource?
You Strip mine when the minerals are located horizontal layers near the surface
List the steps of strip mining?
*know diagram
- Using bulldozers and bushing down the trees and bushes
- Drill lots mini holes into the rock
- Put explosives into the hole and bLaze to break up the rock.
- When the one is done in one strip, the miners start create another strip next to it and they put the waste on the top of the last strip.
What are the pros and cons of strip mining?
Pros: much more efficient compared to underground mining Cheaper Safer then underground mining Cons: Hazardous to human health Harmful to environment
Under what conditions would a open pit mine be used to exploit a mineral resource?
When an ore body lies near the earths surface.
List the steps of open pit mining?
*know diagram
- A large hole dug to expose the body
- The soil and waste rock, called ever burden are removed and stockpiled.
- The mine pits are then excavated in benches so that the pit wall looks like a series of giant steps
What are the pros and cons of open pit mining?
Pros:
Cheaper
Has a mechanical advantage (simpler to do)
Safe
Disadvantages:
Pollutes and causes acid mine drainage
Takes a lot of time and money to restore it
Under what conditions would a under ground mine be used to exploit a mineral resource?
When the minerals in question is high in demand or is at peak price. When it’s quite deep.
List the steps of underground mining.
*know diagram
- Acquire mining rights
- File environment impact statement technology assessment program
- Require land
- File rights
- Construct access
- Locate digging point
What are the pros and cons of underground mining?
Pros: Doesn't cause much damage to surface Doesn't cause much dust or noice Don't have to use explosives Cons: Dangerous for the workers Expensive You can't put big machines in the underground mines
