unit 4 quiz review Flashcards
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and ________ of the last nucleotide in the polymer.
the 3’ OH
the nitrogenous base (A, C, G, or T) is part of the nucleotide, but the phosphodiester bond forms between the phosphate group and the sugar’s 3’ OH group, not with the nitrogenous base.
What catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the DNA polymer being formed?
DNA polymerase
what are phosphodiester bonds
phosphodiester bonds are covalent linkages that form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the 3’ carbon of the sugar in an adjacent nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA
Which of the following are the basic, repeating units of eukaryotic?
chromatin
Sigma acts as a regulatory factor, guiding RNA polymerase to specific promoter sequences on the DNA template strand. in prokaryote or eukaryotes
prokaryotic
a group of proteins called basal transcription factors bind to the DNA promoter, thus initiating transcription. However, basal transcription factors include many proteins, and they are not part of a holoenzyme. in prokaryotes or eukaryotes
eukaryotes
t or f: elongation requires the formation of phosphodiester binds btw nucleotides
true
transcription is made of
initiation
elongation
termination
is there a difference between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?
rna and dna have different primer
DNA produces a double strand
RNA produces a single strand
Sigma binds to
the promoter region of the dna enabling the RNA polymerase enzyme to bind and initiate transcription
The mRNA is smaller than the length of the DNA that codes for it because:
post-transcriptional modification removes the introns
What molecule is responsible for the catalytic activity in the spliceosomes that are involved in removal of introns?
Ribozymes
What molecule/feature ensures that the correct amino acid is added with reading of a specific codon during translation?
The anticodon of a properly formed aminoacyl tRNA
Once a peptide bond has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, which process on the list occurs next?
Translocation of the ribosome
All three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) follow the same genetic code. Which of the following statements would most likely be accurate given that information?
The genetic code evolved before the different domains diverged.
If a cell has accumulated DNA damage, it is unlikely to:
pass G2 checkpoint
Cancer-causing mutated tumour suppressor genes result from which of the following?
Mutations in genes encoding proteins that normally inhibit progression through the cell cycle
SIsiter chromatids seperate during
Anaphase II
A gene F has many alleles. What is the maximum number of different alleles of the F gene that could be carried by six children with the same mom and dad given that the parents are heterozygous?
four
If a man with vitamin D-resistant rickets mates with an unaffected woman, all of their daughters, but none of their sons, will have the disease. This disease is
Dominant X-linked
Two parents are phenotypically normal, but one of their four biological children has a typical autosomal recessive trait. The other three children are phenotypically normal. Which of the following is correct?
the parents are bpth heterozygous for the trait
