Unit 4 Quiz

Question 1

Herrnstein says that behaviour is likely to drift toward its essential features. He means by this that only behaviour that is

Answer 1

Required for reinforcement is likely to persist

Question 2

A key problem in using extinction to weaken a harmful or dangerous behaviour is that

Answer 2

It is slow

Question 3

Generally speaking, the more intense a punisher, the

Answer 3

More it suppresses behaviour

Question 4

If Charles Catania’s thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except that:

A behaviour must have a consequence
The consequence of the behaviour must be negative
A behaviour must decrease in strength
The decrease in strength must be the result of the behaviours consequence

Answer 4

The consequence of the behaviour must be negative

Question 5

The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that

Answer 5

Something is added

Question 6

Each of the following is a self-control technique except

Deprivation, distancing, distraction, distortion

Answer 6

Distortion

Question 7

John, a very successful professional boxer, fights regularly with formidable opponents. He has often been injured in these fights and knows that he risks sustaining serious brain damage or other permanent injuries, yet he continues to fight. This example illustrates that bizarre behaviour

Answer 7

Is less puzzling when the reinforcers maintaining it are known

Question 8

Because aberrantly behaviour in people is so often the result of reinforcement from the natural environment, many therapists now routinely do a _____ before beginning treatment

Answer 8

Functional assessment

Question 9

The first studies of vicarious learning

Answer 9

Failed to find evidence of vicarious learning in animals

Question 10

Those who are most likely to learn from observing a model are probably

Answer 10

Adults

Question 11

Presley and Riopelle studied vicarious avoidance learning in monkeys. They found that

Answer 11

The slowest learning observer did as well as the fastest learning model

Question 12

Studies of learned helplessness use the ______ procedure

Answer 12

Escape training

Question 13

The Sherry and Galef experiment with milk bottles suggests that

Answer 13

Chickadees learn very well through observation

Question 14

The self control technique of counting the number of times a behaviour occurs is called

Answer 14

Monitoring

Question 15

True or false: although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Chew or false: Kohler thought that insight was achieved suddenly, but other work suggests that it is achieved gradually

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or false: extinction increases variability in behavior, and this may be a way of increasing creativity

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or false: the Herbert and harsh study found that cats that had observed a model perform 30 times did better than those that had observed a model performed 15 times

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: abnormal behaviour often persists despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences

Answer 19

True

Question 20

In using punishment, it is best to begin with a week punisher and gradually increase its strength as needed. True or false

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Coincidental reinforcement plays an important role in

Answer 21

Superstition

Question 22

We become good at observing our own behaviour because such observations

Answer 22

Are reinforced

Question 23

A treatment for phobia that makes use of vicariously learning is called

Answer 23

Participant modelling

Question 24

Positive and negative punishment have in common that they both ____ the frequency of behaviour

Answer 24

Reduce

Question 25

One problem with punishment is the tendency to imitate the use of punishment. Two other problems are:

Answer 25

Aggression and abuse

Question 26

In her work with porpoises, Karen Pryor gradually realized that what she had to do to get a novel behaviour from the animals was to

Answer 26

Reinforce novel behaviour