Unit 4 - Principles of Infection Prevention Flashcards
Agencies which issues rules and regulations we must comply or face penalties
Regulatory Agencies
Agencies which have no authority for enforcement
Recommendations are based on strong scientific evidence and provide standard of care
Advisory Agencies
Advisory Agency
Recommendations are based on strong scientific evidence on health related matters
CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Regulatory agency of the Provincial Health Services.
Investigates and evaluates occurrence of communicable diseases in BC.
BCCDC - BC Center for Disease Control
Global dentistry resource for infection control awareness
OSAP - Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention
Regulatory agency which issues specific standards to protect the health of employees in US
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Why is OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBP) so important?
Protects employees against occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens –ie - HBV HCV and HIV
Holds employers responsible to protect employees
US version of Worksafe BC
NIOSH - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Regulatory Agency who’s purpose is to protect human and environmental health
EPA - US Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Dept. responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health while respecting indiv. choices
Health Canada
Association dedicated to providing up-to-date info on issues affecting oral health and practice of dentistry
CDA - Canadian Dental Association
Regulates Canadian Dentists, CDA’s, and Dental Therapists
CDSBC - College of Dental Surgeons of BC
What are the types of precautions?
Universal Precaution
Body Substance Isolation Precaution (BSIP)
Standard Precautions (US) Routine Practices (CAN)
Guidelines are based on treating ALL human blood/body fluids as potentially infectious
Standard Precautions (US) Routine Practices (CAN)
Deals with body secretions such as urine,vomit, feces or sputum
Body Substance Isolation Precaution (BSIP)
Deals with blood borne pathogens via transmission through blood, and certain body fluids
ie - cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, amniotic fluid
Universal Precaution
Condition caused by infection that can be spread from person to person through body fluids
Communicable Disease
7 modes of disease transmission
Direct Contact Indirect Contact Airborne Transmission/ Droplet Infection Blood-borne Transmission Parentaral transmission Food and water transmission Fecal-oral Transmission
Five Steps of Standard Precautions
- Handwashing
- Barrier Techniques
- Disinfecting
- Proper Disposal Technique
- Reporting Exposures
Touching or contact with the patient’s blood or
other body fluids
Direct contact
Touching or contact with a contaminated
surface or instrument
Indirect contact
An infection that occurs through mucosal
surfaces of the eyes, nose and mouth Smaller
than 50 µm they are invisible and can remain in
the air for long periods
Airborne/Droplet
Occurs through direct or indirect contact with
blood and other body fluids
Blood-Borne
Transmission
Needlestick injuries, human bites, cuts,
abrasions, or any break in the skin
Parenteral
Common blood-borne microorganisms of
concern in dentistry include
HCV- Hepatitis C (liver)
HBV- Hepatitis B (liver)
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Examples of diseases spread by food and water transmission
Tuberculosis botulism staphylococcal norovirus streptococcal infections
Term used
for an infection contracted in a
health care facility
Nosocomial Infection
Responsible for providing resistance to
communicable diseases
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immunity: Present at birth
Inherited
Immunity: Developed during a
person’s lifetime
Can occur naturally or artificially
Acquired
Occurs when a person has previously contracted
a disease and recovered
NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
When antibodies are acquired from an outside
source
ie - during pregnancy when the fetus
receives antibodies from the mother’s
placenta or from breastfeeding
passive immunity
the result of the body
forming antibodies in response to the vaccine
Artificially acquired immunity
Examples of PPE
Protective clothing – Surgical masks – Face shields – Protective eyewear – Disposable patient-treatment gloves – Heavy-duty utility gloves
6 types of waste
general hazardous blood/blood soaked materials infectious or regulated waste (bio hazard) pathological waste sharps
Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious
disease
example: • Blood and blood-soaked materials – Blood on gauze • Pathologic waste – Soft tissue and extracted teeth • Sharps – Anesthetic needles
infectious or regulated waste (bio hazard)
Waste presenting a danger to
humans or the environment
(toxic chemicals)
ie - Mercury, Fixer, Lead foil
Hazardous Waste
what type of waste are paper towels and empty food containers?
General
What kind of waste are gingiva and extracted teeth ?
Which bin would it be disposed in?
Pathological
Infectious
