Unit 4 - Principles of Infection Prevention

Question 1

Agencies which issues rules and regulations we must comply or face penalties

Answer 1

Regulatory Agencies

Question 2

Agencies which have no authority for enforcement

Recommendations are based on strong scientific evidence and provide standard of care

Answer 2

Advisory Agencies

Question 3

Advisory Agency

Recommendations are based on strong scientific evidence on health related matters

Answer 3

CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 4

Regulatory agency of the Provincial Health Services.

Investigates and evaluates occurrence of communicable diseases in BC.

Answer 4

BCCDC - BC Center for Disease Control

Question 5

Global dentistry resource for infection control awareness

Answer 5

OSAP - Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention

Question 6

Regulatory agency which issues specific standards to protect the health of employees in US

Answer 6

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 7

Why is OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBP) so important?

Answer 7

Protects employees against occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens –ie - HBV HCV and HIV

Holds employers responsible to protect employees

Question 8

US version of Worksafe BC

Answer 8

NIOSH - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Question 9

Regulatory Agency who’s purpose is to protect human and environmental health

Answer 9

EPA - US Environmental Protection Agency

Question 10

Federal Dept. responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health while respecting indiv. choices

Answer 10

Health Canada

Question 11

Association dedicated to providing up-to-date info on issues affecting oral health and practice of dentistry

Answer 11

CDA - Canadian Dental Association

Question 12

Regulates Canadian Dentists, CDA’s, and Dental Therapists

Answer 12

CDSBC - College of Dental Surgeons of BC

Question 13

What are the types of precautions?

Answer 13

Universal Precaution

Body Substance Isolation Precaution (BSIP)

Standard Precautions (US)
Routine Practices (CAN)

Question 14

Guidelines are based on treating ALL human blood/body fluids as potentially infectious

Answer 14

Standard Precautions (US)
Routine Practices (CAN)

Question 15

Deals with body secretions such as urine,vomit, feces or sputum

Answer 15

Body Substance Isolation Precaution (BSIP)

Question 16

Deals with blood borne pathogens via transmission through blood, and certain body fluids

ie - cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, amniotic fluid

Answer 16

Universal Precaution

Question 17

Condition caused by infection that can be spread from person to person through body fluids

Answer 17

Communicable Disease

Question 18

7 modes of disease transmission

Answer 18

Direct Contact
Indirect Contact
Airborne Transmission/ Droplet Infection 
Blood-borne Transmission 
Parentaral transmission 
Food and water transmission 
Fecal-oral Transmission

Question 19

Five Steps of Standard Precautions

Answer 19

1. Handwashing
2. Barrier Techniques
3. Disinfecting
4. Proper Disposal Technique
5. Reporting Exposures

Question 20

Touching or contact with the patient’s blood or

other body fluids

Answer 20

Direct contact

Question 21

Touching or contact with a contaminated

surface or instrument

Answer 21

Indirect contact

Question 22

An infection that occurs through mucosal
surfaces of the eyes, nose and mouth Smaller
than 50 µm they are invisible and can remain in
the air for long periods

Answer 22

Airborne/Droplet

Question 23

Occurs through direct or indirect contact with

blood and other body fluids

Answer 23

Blood-Borne

Transmission

Question 24

Needlestick injuries, human bites, cuts,

abrasions, or any break in the skin

Answer 24

Parenteral

Question 25

Common blood-borne microorganisms of

concern in dentistry include

Answer 25

HCV- Hepatitis C (liver)
HBV- Hepatitis B (liver)
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 26

Examples of diseases spread by food and water transmission

Answer 26

Tuberculosis
botulism
staphylococcal
norovirus
streptococcal infections

Question 27

Term used
for an infection contracted in a
health care facility

Answer 27

Nosocomial Infection

Question 28

Responsible for providing resistance to

communicable diseases

Answer 28

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 29

Immunity: Present at birth

Answer 29

Inherited

Question 30

Immunity: Developed during a
person’s lifetime

Can occur naturally or artificially

Answer 30

Acquired

Question 31

Occurs when a person has previously contracted

a disease and recovered

Answer 31

NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

Question 32

When antibodies are acquired from an outside
source

ie - during pregnancy when the fetus
receives antibodies from the mother’s
placenta or from breastfeeding

Answer 32

passive immunity

Question 33

the result of the body

forming antibodies in response to the vaccine

Answer 33

Artificially acquired immunity

Question 34

Examples of PPE

Answer 34

Protective clothing
– Surgical masks
– Face shields
– Protective eyewear
– Disposable patient-treatment gloves
– Heavy-duty utility gloves

Question 35

6 types of waste

Answer 35

general
hazardous
blood/blood soaked materials 
infectious or regulated waste (bio hazard)
pathological waste
sharps

Question 36

Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious
disease

example:
• Blood and blood-soaked materials
– Blood on gauze
• Pathologic waste
– Soft tissue and extracted teeth
• Sharps
– Anesthetic needles

Answer 36

infectious or regulated waste (bio hazard)

Question 37

Waste presenting a danger to
humans or the environment
(toxic chemicals)

ie - Mercury, Fixer, Lead foil

Answer 37

Hazardous Waste

Question 38

what type of waste are paper towels and empty food containers?

Answer 38

General

Question 39

What kind of waste are gingiva and extracted teeth ?

Which bin would it be disposed in?

Answer 39

Pathological

Infectious