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PREP 1 > Unit 3 -Microbiology (Viral Diseases, Bloodborne Diseases) > Flashcards

Unit 3 -Microbiology (Viral Diseases, Bloodborne Diseases) Flashcards

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1
Q

Viruses ___ be treated with antibiotics

A

Viruses CAN’T be treated with antibiotics

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2
Q

What happens when a virus invades a host cell?

A

Replicates then destroys host cell so virus is released into body

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3
Q

Host cells may be …

A

Human
Plant
Animal
Bacteria

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4
Q

HIV infects which specific cells?

A

CD4

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5
Q

Hepatitis infects which specific cells?

A

Liver cells

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6
Q

What % of HIV infected mothers pass virus to babies

A

25%

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7
Q

This virus during pregnancy is a major cause of mental disability, blindness, and impaired hearing in children

A

CMV aka Cytomegalovirus

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8
Q

Term for a virus in a dormant state

A

Latent

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9
Q

when virus becomes integrated into the nucleic acid of the host cell it is now known as?

A

a provirus

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10
Q

what can reactivate a latent virus?

A

stress
infection with another virus
UV light

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11
Q

5 ways viruses can be transmitted

A 
direct contact 
insects
blood transfusions
contaminated food/water
inhalation of droplets (coughing/sneezing)
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12
Q

Viruses in the environment can be easily killed with?

A

chemicals

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13
Q

4 common chemicals that kill viruses in the environment

A

chlorine
iodine
phenol
formaldehyde

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14
Q

Where do scientists believe HIV came from?

A

Chimpanzees from Western Africa

first human infection as far back as late 1800s

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15
Q

How does HIV affect the immune system?

A

HIV infects T-cells and kills them

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16
Q

What are T-cells?

A

Cells that are primarily responsible for immunity

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17
Q

How is AIDS developed?

A

person with HIV becomes ill with serious illness/infection

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18
Q

Most common ways of HIV transmission

A

Sexual Contact

Needle Sharing

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19
Q

When can a baby of an HIV+ mother be infected?

A

before birth
during birth
breast feeding

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20
Q

There has been a steady decline of HIV infection due to?

A

Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV)

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21
Q

What is Antiretroviral therapy? (ARV)

A

Medication which slows HIV replication = lowered viral load

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22
Q

Amount of HIV in your blood

A

Viral load

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23
Q

How can AVR help people with AIDS?

A

can prolong life expectancy

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24
Q

What was HAV formerly called?

A

Infectious Hepatitus

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25
How is HAV transfered?
fecal oral
26
People who recover from HBV but can still transmit the virus are known as?
HBV carriers
27
What is the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen? (HBsAg) | What does it mean if it is present?
Surface protein of HBV - marker to detect infection | if present = infected
28
What is the Hepatitis B Surface Antibody? HBsAb or anti-HBs What does it mean if it is present?
antibody formed in response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen immune system has created antibody for long term immunity to HBV
29
How can you accuire Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies?
through infection and recovery of HBV or Vaccine
30
How is HBV transfered?
Parenteral | Blood borne
31
How is HCV transfered?
Parenteral | Blood borne
32
How can HCV ve detected?
Raised levels of ALT levels | Aniline aminotransferase
33
When did blood donations start to be screened for HCV?
1992
34
HDV is a co-infection of?
Hep B
35
four major herpes viruses
HSV - herpes simplex virus HZV - herpes zoster or varicella-zoster virus CMV - cytomegalovirus EBV - epstein-barr virus
36
HSV is broken into?
HSV Type 1 | HSV Type 2
37
HSV Type 1 is broken into?
Primary Herpes - 1-3 yo | Recurrent Herpes Labialis
38
How long does active HSV-1 general last?
7-14 days
39
What can activate HSV-1?
Stress illness Sun
40
% of HSV-2 infected newborns that will be severely infected or die
85%
41
% of newborns that will be infected when passing through HSV-2 infected birth canal
50%
42
virus responsible for chickenpox/ shingles
Herpes Zoster virus
43
how is HZV transfered?
saliva | direct contact with lesions
44
Which virus flares up in summer and continues into fall in North America?
West Nile Virus
45
What is the easiest way to prevent West Nile?
Prevent mosquito bites
46
Example of an EPA register active ingredient for insect repellant
Deet
47
What steps can you take to prevent mosquito bites?
- Use repellent with deet - wear long sleeves/ stay in at dusk and dawn - make sure you have good screens on your house - get rid of stagnate water
48
odds of developing serious west nile symptoms
1 in 150
49
at what age+ are people more likely to develop serious West Nile symptoms?
50
50
When/where was the first report of SARS?
Asia 2003
51
Where did SARS spread to before it was contained in 2003?
``` 24+ Countries in: North America South America Europe Asia ```
52
How many people world wide became ill with SARS during 2003? Died?
Ill = 8098 Died = 774
53
How does SARS spread?
Droplet spread from sneeze/coughs lands on mucous membrane of next person direct and indirect (contaminated surface)
54
What does Gardasil vaccine protect against?
4 HPV types: 2 - cause cervical cancer 2- cause 90% warts approved for M/F 9-26 y
55
What does Ceravix vaccine protect against?
2 HPV that cause cervical cancer approved for F 10-25y
56
HPV is the leading cause of what kind of cancer?
Oral Phaynx
57
HPV16 manifests where?
Posterior of mouth
58
When was Ebola first discovered?
1976
59
How long are you infectious for if you have Ebola?
as long as virus is still in your blood
60
When/where was the first outbreak of Norovirus?
1972 Ohio
61
How is Ebola transferred?
wild animal to human
62
How is Norovirus transferred?
From stool/vomit Direct/indirect contact and contaminated food/water

PREP 1 (4 decks)

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