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PREP 1 > Unit 3 -Microbiology (Viral Diseases, Bloodborne Diseases) > Flashcards

Unit 3 -Microbiology (Viral Diseases, Bloodborne Diseases) Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses ___ be treated with antibiotics

A

Viruses CAN’T be treated with antibiotics

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2
Q

What happens when a virus invades a host cell?

A

Replicates then destroys host cell so virus is released into body

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3
Q

Host cells may be …

A

Human
Plant
Animal
Bacteria

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4
Q

HIV infects which specific cells?

A

CD4

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5
Q

Hepatitis infects which specific cells?

A

Liver cells

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6
Q

What % of HIV infected mothers pass virus to babies

A

25%

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7
Q

This virus during pregnancy is a major cause of mental disability, blindness, and impaired hearing in children

A

CMV aka Cytomegalovirus

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8
Q

Term for a virus in a dormant state

A

Latent

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9
Q

when virus becomes integrated into the nucleic acid of the host cell it is now known as?

A

a provirus

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10
Q

what can reactivate a latent virus?

A

stress
infection with another virus
UV light

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11
Q

5 ways viruses can be transmitted

A 
direct contact 
insects
blood transfusions
contaminated food/water
inhalation of droplets (coughing/sneezing)
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12
Q

Viruses in the environment can be easily killed with?

A

chemicals

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13
Q

4 common chemicals that kill viruses in the environment

A

chlorine
iodine
phenol
formaldehyde

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14
Q

Where do scientists believe HIV came from?

A

Chimpanzees from Western Africa

first human infection as far back as late 1800s

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15
Q

How does HIV affect the immune system?

A

HIV infects T-cells and kills them

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16
Q

What are T-cells?

A

Cells that are primarily responsible for immunity

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17
Q

How is AIDS developed?

A

person with HIV becomes ill with serious illness/infection

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18
Q

Most common ways of HIV transmission

A

Sexual Contact

Needle Sharing

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19
Q

When can a baby of an HIV+ mother be infected?

A

before birth
during birth
breast feeding

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20
Q

There has been a steady decline of HIV infection due to?

A

Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV)

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21
Q

What is Antiretroviral therapy? (ARV)

A

Medication which slows HIV replication = lowered viral load

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22
Q

Amount of HIV in your blood

A

Viral load

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23
Q

How can AVR help people with AIDS?

A

can prolong life expectancy

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24
Q

What was HAV formerly called?

A

Infectious Hepatitus

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25
Q

How is HAV transfered?

A

fecal oral

26
Q

People who recover from HBV but can still transmit the virus are known as?

A

HBV carriers

27
Q

What is the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen? (HBsAg)

What does it mean if it is present?

A

Surface protein of HBV - marker to detect infection

if present = infected

28
Q

What is the Hepatitis B Surface Antibody?
HBsAb or anti-HBs

What does it mean if it is present?

A

antibody formed in response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

immune system has created antibody for long term immunity to HBV

29
Q

How can you accuire Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies?

A

through infection and recovery of HBV or Vaccine

30
Q

How is HBV transfered?

A

Parenteral

Blood borne

31
Q

How is HCV transfered?

A

Parenteral

Blood borne

32
Q

How can HCV ve detected?

A

Raised levels of ALT levels

Aniline aminotransferase

33
Q

When did blood donations start to be screened for HCV?

A

1992

34
Q

HDV is a co-infection of?

A

Hep B

35
Q

four major herpes viruses

A

HSV - herpes simplex virus
HZV - herpes zoster or varicella-zoster virus
CMV - cytomegalovirus
EBV - epstein-barr virus

36
Q

HSV is broken into?

A

HSV Type 1

HSV Type 2

37
Q

HSV Type 1 is broken into?

A

Primary Herpes - 1-3 yo

Recurrent Herpes Labialis

38
Q

How long does active HSV-1 general last?

A

7-14 days

39
Q

What can activate HSV-1?

A

Stress
illness
Sun

40
Q

% of HSV-2 infected newborns that will be severely infected or die

A

85%

41
Q

% of newborns that will be infected when passing through HSV-2 infected birth canal

A

50%

42
Q

virus responsible for chickenpox/ shingles

A

Herpes Zoster virus

43
Q

how is HZV transfered?

A

saliva

direct contact with lesions

44
Q

Which virus flares up in summer and continues into fall in North America?

A

West Nile Virus

45
Q

What is the easiest way to prevent West Nile?

A

Prevent mosquito bites

46
Q

Example of an EPA register active ingredient for insect repellant

A

Deet

47
Q

What steps can you take to prevent mosquito bites?

A
  • Use repellent with deet
  • wear long sleeves/ stay in at dusk and dawn
  • make sure you have good screens on your house
  • get rid of stagnate water
48
Q

odds of developing serious west nile symptoms

A

1 in 150

49
Q

at what age+ are people more likely to develop serious West Nile symptoms?

A

50

50
Q

When/where was the first report of SARS?

A

Asia 2003

51
Q

Where did SARS spread to before it was contained in 2003?

A 
24+ Countries in:
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
52
Q

How many people world wide became ill with SARS during 2003?

Died?

A

Ill = 8098

Died = 774

53
Q

How does SARS spread?

A

Droplet spread from sneeze/coughs lands on mucous membrane of next person

direct and indirect (contaminated surface)

54
Q

What does Gardasil vaccine protect against?

A

4 HPV types:
2 - cause cervical cancer
2- cause 90% warts

approved for M/F 9-26 y

55
Q

What does Ceravix vaccine protect against?

A

2 HPV that cause cervical cancer

approved for F 10-25y

56
Q

HPV is the leading cause of what kind of cancer?

A

Oral Phaynx

57
Q

HPV16 manifests where?

A

Posterior of mouth

58
Q

When was Ebola first discovered?

A

1976

59
Q

How long are you infectious for if you have Ebola?

A

as long as virus is still in your blood

60
Q

When/where was the first outbreak of Norovirus?

A

1972 Ohio

61
Q

How is Ebola transferred?

A

wild animal to human

62
Q

How is Norovirus transferred?

A

From stool/vomit

Direct/indirect contact and contaminated food/water

PREP 1 (4 decks)

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