unit 4-patterns + trends-global population

Question 1

cartogram

Answer 1

depicts size country according population

Question 2

types regions:

Answer 2

cold lands(N+S Pole) (ice)
wet lands (Brazil Amazon River) (high level precipitation, rain +heat)
dry lands(Deserts) (dry +hot)

near ocean / river, low-laying areas, fertile soil + good climate

Question 3

arithmetic density

Answer 3

measures total no. people living area (higher- Netherlands + Egypt)

Question 4

physiological density

Answer 4

no. people / area of arable land ( High Netherlands + Egypt)

Question 5

agricultural density

Answer 5

ratio no. farmers->amount arable land (high Egypt + low developed countries)

Question 6

Malthus theory

Answer 6

population will increase faster than resources

Question 7

Population structure

LQ+MCQ

Answer 7

influenced-rates fertility +infant mortality

1: TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)= average no. children woman will have through childbearing yrs (5-Africa, average 2 elsewhere)
2: INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)= annual no. deaths of infants under 1 yr for every 1000 births
- reflects health care systems of country
3: LIFE EXPECTANCY: average no. yrs newborn is expected live (Europe-> 80’s , 40’s Africa)
4: YOUNG + OLD: 1/3 people-> developing countries under 15 yrs compared to 1/6 in developed countries

… large % children=strain countries abilities -> provide schools / health care etc.
…when leave school must be jobs available
…developed countries have increase old people (need medical +income)

Question 8

dependency ratio

Answer 8

no. people are too young / old to work

larger % dependents, greater financial burden on working people -> support them

Question 9

population pyramid

Answer 9

bar graph displays % of places population for each age + gender
-shape= determined-> CBR… high CBR= a lot young people(base pyramid broad)
…country large no older people- wide wop on graph

Question 10

discuss 4 demographic transition stages

Answer 10

process of change in population structure
S1: very high CBR, very high CDR, very low NIT
(unpredictable food supply, war + disease e.g hunting+gathering)
S2:(POPULATION GROWTH TAKES PLACE )High CRB, rapid declining CDR, very high NIR
(wealth +technology cured / controlled such as malaria +TB e.g Africa / developing countries)
S3: Rapid declining CBR, moderate decline CDR, moderate NIR
(people chose have fewer children e.g SA)
S4: very low CBR, low slight increase CDR, 0/negative NIR
(birth control, working females..less births e.g America)

Question 11

how lower birth rates

Answer 11

-improve economic conditions
(more money to spend-education + health care)
-contraceptives
(cheap+quicly distributes e.g 50% Bangladesh use it)

Question 12

COMPONENTS / FACTORS population change

Answer 12

1: NIR (NATURAL INCREASE RATE) % population grows p/yr (high- Africa, lowest Europe)
2: CDR (CRUDE DEATH RATE) amount deaths p.yr for every 1000 people alive in society
3: CBR (CRUDE BIRTH RATE) amount live births /yr every 1000 people alive in society (High Africa, lowest Europe)

Question 13

Types Migration (movement people)
LQ

Answer 13

• international labor migration ( workers looking jobs, seek countries-growing economy eg N.America +Europe)
• forced migration (flee avoid violence / disasters … local / regional e.g war / earthquakes)
• tourism migration (temporary e.g vacation->beach e.g SA /Europe)
• interregional migration ( movement one region of country -> another (eg American West)
• intraregional migration (movement within same region e.g rural->urban regions)

Question 14

factors of migration (push & pull)

LQ

Answer 14

PUSH:
poor-> wealthier countries (economic)
avoid violence / disaster (earthquakes, political war)
crime

PULL:
better weather
work opportunities
safety

Question 15

controlling migration (policies)

Answer 15

1: INCLUSIONARY POLICY:
pay tax, serve military, bring professional skills, contribute-> economic growth

2:SELECTIVE IMMIGRATION POLICIES:
immigration CAPS e.g visa, resident permit, tourists, indefinite leave

Question 16

Reasons spatial distribution of POPULATION in SA + AFRICA (concentration of population)
LQ

Answer 16

• population concentrations are interrelated to natural +physical environment regions
• regions vary in physical variables + have diff population clusters
• e.g dry areas / deserts less inhabited (too dry-> farm)
• e.g Africa high precipitation + high mountain regions, influence population
• e.g close sea / water

1: AFRICA is unique:
vast size, diff landscapes, climate + resources
diff cultures can interact
high birth rate+high death rate (disease +poverty)

2: SA is unique:
discovery gold attracted people-> JHB
mountains / dry area difficult live in

Question 17

climate conditions + population distribution

Answer 17

• large country, large land, population not evenly distributed
• sea / warm countries=a lot tourists /people (Europe/Asia)
• fertile soil areas=a lot people (low laying areas)
• cold poles=fewer people, no fertile land
• people avoid too wet, too dry, too cold areas
• climate impacts concentration-people
• low population density (harsh climates)-> desert/ cold / polar areas
• areas=humid- east west linear distribution
• northern hemisphere is cold (east west linear distribution)